Morfologi Tumbuhan

Three Basic Organ in Plant Figure 35.2 Reproductive shoot (flower) Terminal bud Node Internode Terminal bud Vegetative shoot Blade Petiole Stem Leaf Taproot Lateral roots Root system Shoot Axillary Three basic organs evolved: roots, stems, and leaves They are organized into a root system and a shoot system

The Three Basic Plant Organs: Roots, Stems, and Leaves The basic morphology of vascular plants Reflects their evolutionary history as terrestrial organisms that draw nutrients from two very different environments: below-ground and above-ground

Roots A root Is an organ that anchors the vascular plant Absorbs minerals and water Often stores organic nutrients

AKAR / ROOTS Fungsi Akar Perkembangan Akar Tipe – Tipe akar Modifikasi Akar Simbiosis di akar http://w3.dwm.ks.edu.tw/bio/activelearner/35/images/ch35summary.gif

Fungsi Akar Attachment to substrate (ground, etc) Water and nutrien uptake Transport In several plants: Food storage Oxygen uptake Climber

Figure 35.3 In most plants The absorption of water and minerals occurs near the root tips, where vast numbers of tiny root hairs increase the surface area of the root

Perkembangan akar

Primary Growth of Roots Figure 35.12 Dermal Ground Vascular Key Cortex Vascular cylinder Epidermis Root hair Zone of maturation elongation Zone of cell division Apical meristem Root cap 100 m The root tip is covered by a root cap, which protects the delicate apical meristem as the root pushes through soil during primary growth The primary growth of roots Produces the epidermis, ground tissue, and vascular tissue

Lateral roots Arise from within the pericycle, the outermost cell layer in the vascular cylinder Figure 35.14 Cortex Vascular cylinder Epidermis Lateral root 100 m 1 2 3 4 Emerging lateral root

Sistem Perakaran

Tipe Akar Berdasarkan Pembentukannya Akar Tunggang Akar Serabut Akar Adventif (lainnya)

Tipe – Tipe Akar Akar papan/banir Akar tunjang

Many plants have modified roots Figure 35.4a–e (a) Prop roots (b) Storage roots (c) “Strangling” aerial roots (d) Buttress roots (e) Pneumatophores Many plants have modified roots