Type 2 diabetes and incidence of cardiovascular diseases: a cohort study in 1·9 million people Dr Anoop Dinesh Shah, MRCP, Claudia Langenberg, PhD, Eleni.

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Type 2 diabetes and incidence of cardiovascular diseases: a cohort study in 1·9 million people Dr Anoop Dinesh Shah, MRCP, Claudia Langenberg, PhD, Eleni Rapsomaniki, PhD, Spiros Denaxas, PhD, Mar Pujades-Rodriguez, PhD, Chris P Gale, FRCP, Prof John Deanfield, FRCP, Prof Liam Smeeth, FRCGP, Prof Adam Timmis, FRCP, Prof Harry Hemingway, FRCP The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages 105-113 (February 2015) DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70219-0 Copyright © 2015 Shah et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Distribution of initial presentations of cardiovascular diseases Distribution of initial presentations of cardiovascular disease in participants with and without type 2 diabetes and no history of cardiovascular disease. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2015 3, 105-113DOI: (10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70219-0) Copyright © 2015 Shah et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Cumulative incidence curves for the incidence of first presentation of 12 cardiovascular diseases in patients aged ≥40 years, by diabetes status The curves begin at age 40 years rather than 30 years because 40 years is a typical age for a patient to develop type 2 diabetes. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2015 3, 105-113DOI: (10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70219-0) Copyright © 2015 Shah et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Association of type 2 diabetes with 12 cardiovascular diseases in patients aged ≥30 years Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for different initial presentations of cardiovascular diseases associated with type 2 diabetes, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, deprivation, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, and statin and antihypertensive drug prescriptions. Two non-specific components of the primary endpoint are not shown in the figure for simplicity (they are inprecisely recorded versions of one of the 12 initial presentations): coronary disease not further specified, HR 1·58 (95% CI 1·45–1·73), p<0·0001; stroke not further specified 1·64 (1·48–1·81), p<0·0001. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2015 3, 105-113DOI: (10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70219-0) Copyright © 2015 Shah et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Hazard ratios for association of type 2 diabetes with 12 cardiovascular diseases by sex and age Hazard ratios by sex and age group for the association of different initial presentations of cardiovascular disease with type 2 diabetes, adjusted for age, BMI, deprivation, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, and statin and antihypertensive drug prescriptions. NA=not applicable. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2015 3, 105-113DOI: (10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70219-0) Copyright © 2015 Shah et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions