TRANSPARENT STEEL Good smelling steel Singing steel Materials World, March 1995, p. 128

Five plates and two rods, National Art Gallery, Washington

Kral & Spanos, 1999

Smithsonian: Natural History Museum

Fe-Ni alloy, 0.0021072 mm thick Smithsonian: Air & Space

Inter-galactic gas Fe guess what?

hexagonal close-packed

hexagonal close-packed cubic close-packed

body-centred cubic (ferrite) face-centred cubic (austenite)

Bundy (1965)

pure iron Cohesive energy (eV/atom) Normalised volume -65 -55 -45 -35 Cubic-P pure iron Diamond cubic Cohesive energy (eV/atom) Hexagonal-P b.c.c c.c.p h.c.p 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 Normalised volume Paxton et al. (1990)

electron has a spin; effectively a current in a loop, creating a little magnet; this is the Bohr magneton

Bhor magnetons Iron atom in ferrite 2.2 Iron atom in thin film 3.1 Iron atom in austenite 2.8 or 0.6

Fe Ru 6d 2s Os Hs

Iron [Ar] + 8 e- b.c.c Ruthenium [Kr] + 8 e- h.c.p Osmium [Xe] + 14f + 8 e- h.c.p Hassium [Rn] + 14f + 8 e- ???

pure iron body-centred cubic (ferrite) cubic close-packed (austenite) hexagonal close-packed double hexagonal close-packed trigonal tetragonal magnetic transitions pure iron

DISPLACIVE RECONSTRUCTIVE

The Song

Why is iron opaque? opaque transparent

Nanotubes grow efficiently from gas with iron as catalyst. 1991 Sumio Iijima studied soot, found nanotubes, nested like Russian dolls. Nanotubes grow efficiently from gas with iron as catalyst.

Perception of smell template model Luca Turin

nickel in cage molecule iron in cage molecule Luca Turin

an apple weighs 1 Newton = 1 Pa 1 m

Scifer, 5.5 GPa with ductility! Kobe Steel

Atom probe image of Scifer, 5.5 GPa steel wire Bhadeshia and Harada, 1993

Scifer is 9 Denier 10 Denier 1 Denier: weight in grams, of 9 km of fibre 10 Denier Scifer is 9 Denier

180 to 220 °C Cooking temperature?

Pizza steel, cooked at 200 °C for 20 days 2.5 billion apples on one square meter Caballero, Mateo & Bhadeshia

Longest (2 km) single-span bridge, near Kobe, Japan

Rope bridge, Atlantis, Bahamas

www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2001/pureiron.ppt ……/steel3.wav