Managing Black Pecan Aphids and Stink Bugs Efficacy of Selected Products

Brown Stink Bug Insecticide Trials Ted Cottrell USDA Agricultural Research Service Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory Byron, GA Bill Ree Department of Entomology Texas A&M University

Stink Bugs as Pests of Pecan Pecan is not a reproductive host for stink bugs

Stink Bugs as Pests of Pecan Pecan is not a reproductive host for stink bugs Damage before shells harden results in ‘black pit’ and nut abortion

Stink Bugs as Pests of Pecan Pecan is not a reproductive host for stink bugs Damage before shells harden results in ‘black pit’ and nut abortion Damage after shells harden results in ‘kernel spot’

Stink Bugs as Pests of Pecan Stink Bugs CAN feed through hardened pecan shells Damage can occur through harvest

Insecticides Tested All are labeled for pecan All list stink bugs as a target pest Brigade® WSB Insecticide/Miticide = bifenthrin (8.0 – 32.0 oz/A) stink bugs Centric® 40WG = thiamethoxam (2.0 – 2.5 oz/A) Red Shoulder SB Karate ® = lambda-cyhalothrin (2.56 – 5.12 oz/A) Stink bug species Endigo® ZC = thiamethoxam + lambda cyhalothrin (3.0 – 5.5 oz/A) Stink bug species Mustang Max EC = zeta cypermethrin (3.2 – 4.0 oz/A) Stink bugs WarHawk/Govern = chlorpyrifos (16 to 64 oz/A) Southern Green Stink Bug

Brown Stink Bug Insecticide Trials Brown stink bugs are harder to kill than ‘green’ stink bugs Stink Bug Insecticide Trials: Two locations: GA and TX Nut clusters sprayed in the orchard 1, 4 and 7 days after treatment (DAT), nuts picked, taken to the lab and placed in cups Stink bugs added to the cup and survival checked daily - 24, 48 and 72 hrs (GA); 24 and 48 hrs (TX) Data presented as percentage of stink bugs rated as ‘Dead’ + ‘Moribund’

B

Brigade Rate Test Same test setup as before Rates tested: GA: 8, 16, 20, 24, 32 oz/A TX: 8, 20, 32 oz/A

Brigade test using sprayed nuts and foliage

Insecticide assay against Brown Stink Bug June 2011 Peaches sprayed in field, 24 h later taken to lab and SB’s placed on fruit in cups. % Dead + Moribund Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 1 day after SB’s added to cup

Conclusions: Compared with insecticidal control of the Green and Southern Green stink bugs, the Brown stink bug is difficult to control. Many of the products tested here provide sufficient control of the ‘green’ stink bugs. Of the insecticides tested here, even the lowest rate of bifenthrin still provided better brown stink bug control. A 16-24 oz/A rate of Brigade WSB should provide good stink bug control for at least 7 days (and longer without rain). Danitol should also provide good stink bug control (residual activity not known…….yet).

Efficacy of Selected Insecticides against the Black Pecan Aphid Ted Cottrell USDA, Agricultural Research Service Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory Byron, GA

Factors that encourage BPA in orchards Shading Interior tree canopy Crowded orchards Cultivar Low populations of ‘yellow’ aphids early in the season Insecticides used

2011 Pecan Aphid Field Test……details Objective: Document changes in aphid populations while managing pecan weevil. Location: Four pecan orchards at the USDA, ARS, Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Laboratory, Byron, GA. Treatment Selection: Five treatment combinations (pecan aphid product + pecan weevil product). Test Plots: Each orchard divided into 2.5 acre plots of mature pecan trees. - allowed each treatment to be replicated four times. Applications: volume = 100 gpa, speed = 2 mph Aphid Sampling: Sampled from four trees in each plot taking 10 cmpd leaves/tree. Leaf samples were taken from around the periphery of the canopy from 15 -25 ft above ground.

2011 Pecan Aphid Field Test Treatments applied 3X Carbaryl 4L (3 qts) Movento (6 oz) Movento Fulfill carbaryl spirotetramat Danitol 2.4 EC (4 oz) Belay (6 oz) Belay Movento fenpropathrin clothianidin Carbaryl 4L (3 qts) Fulfill (4 oz) Fulfill Movento carbaryl pymetrozine Brigade WSB (16 oz) Movento (6 oz) Movento Fulfill bifenthrin Voliam Xpress (10 oz) Dimilin (12 oz) Belay Belay lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole Weevil Trtmnt 1st Aphid Trtmnt 2nd Aphid Trtmnt 3rd Aphid Trtmnt

Pre-treatment Aphid Counts August 11, 2011 Pre-treatment Aphid Counts Avg aphids/cmpd leaf

Post-Treatment Aphid Count 1st treatment applied Aug. 15-17 August 23, 2011 Post-Treatment Aphid Count 1st treatment applied Aug. 15-17 Avg aphids/cmpd leaf August 23, 2011 Post-Treatment Aphid Count 1st treatment applied Aug. 15-17 = Carbaryl 4L (3 qts/A) + Movento (6 oz/A) = Danitol (4 oz) + Belay (6 oz) = Carbaryl 4L (3 qts/A) + Fulfill (4 oz/A) = Brigade WSB (16 oz/A) + Movento (6 oz/A) = Voliam Xpress (10 oz) + Dimilin (12 oz) All treatments applied at 100 gpa using a 1000 gallon Durand-Wayland airblast sprayer

September 20, 2011 Post-Treatment Aphid Count 2nd treatment application Aug. 29-30 3rd treatment application Sept. 7-9 Avg aphids/cmpd leaf 2nd Application 3rd Application = Carbaryl 4L (3 qts/A) + Movento (6 oz/A) = Danitol (4 oz) + Belay (6 oz) = Carbaryl 4L (3 qts/A) + Fulfill (4 oz/A) = Brigade WSB (16 oz/A) + Movento (6 oz/A) = Voliam Xpress (10 oz) + Belay (6 oz) = Carbaryl 4L (3 qts/A) + Fulfill (4 oz/A) = Danitol (4 oz) + Movento (6 oz) = Carbaryl 4L (3 qts/A) + Movento (6 oz/A) = Brigade WSB (16 oz/A) + Fulfill (4 oz/A) = Voliam Xpress (10 oz) + Belay (6 oz)

Summary Both treatments that included carbaryl, even with the addition of an aphid product, flared BPA’s The treatment that included Voliam Xpress, even with an aphid product, flared ‘yellow’ aphids The treatment that included Brigade provided the best overall control of all aphids followed by the treatment that included the low rate of Danitol A higher, labeled rate of Danitol should provide good control Late-season leaf retention was best with the Brigade WSB treatment.

Acknowledgments Research funding was provided by the Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Pecan Technical assistance provided by: Ann Amis, Brent Hartley, Chuck Rawls and Saleah Starks This presentation reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation for its use by USDA.