Today is Thursday November 2, 2016 The students will be able to identify elements of argumentative writing in Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell Warm up: Identify Malcolm Gladwell’s thesis AND rewrite your thesis from yesterday to be an argument you can actually win. Reading and Evaluating Arguments Connection to Outliers Next Friday’s Global Awareness topic: Opportunity HWK: Read Outliers 3-5 (end of part 1) by next Wednesday; Take Home MC due Thursday; Precis x2 due Friday

Reading & Evaluating Arguments Be prepared to take Cornell Notes on your own sheet of paper. Each table also needs a TEAM ANSWER SHEET for group discussion questions. Be prepared to discuss answers to group discussion questions with the class. Notes and answers will be submitted for review at the end of the hour.

Reading & Evaluating Arguments An argument presents logical reasons and evidence to support a viewpoint or claim ISSUE - problem or controversy about which people disagree CLAIM - the position on the issue SUPPORT – explanation as to why the claim is reasonable and acceptable REFUTATION - opposing viewpoints or counterarguments

Types of Support REASON – a general statement that supports a claim. EVIDENCE – facts statistics, experiences, comparisons, and examples that show why the claim is valid. EMOTIONAL APPEALS – ideas that are targeted toward needs or values that readers are likely to care about.

Malcolm Gladwell’s Argument What is the ISSUE(s) discussed in Chapter 1 of The Outliers? What CLAIM(s) does Gladwell make? What reasons, evidence, and/or appeal does Gladwell provide to SUPPORT his claim(s)? What REFUTATION(s) does Gladwell make? Is Gladwell’s ARGUMENT convincing? Why or why not?

Malcolm Gladwell’s Argument What is the ISSUE(s) discussed in Chapter 2 of The Outliers? What is Gladwell’s CLAIM(s)? What logical reasons and evidence does Gladwell provide to SUPPORT his claim? What REFUTATION(s) does Gladwell make? Is Gladwell’s ARGUMENT convincing? Why or why not?

Types of Claims Claim of FACT – statement that can be proven or verified by observation or research Example: Within ten years, destruction of rain forests will cause hundreds of plant and animal species to become extinct. What claims of fact does Gladwell make in Chapters 1 & 2?

Types of Claims Claim of VALUE – states that one thing or idea is better or more desirable than another. Example: Requiring community service in high school will produce more community-aware graduates. What claims of value does Gladwell make in Chapters 1 & 2?

Types of Claims Claim of POLICY – suggests what should or ought to be done to solve a problem. To reduce school violence, more gun and metal detectors should be installed in public schools. What claims of policy does Gladwell make in Chapters 1 & 2?

Inductive and Deductive Arguments INDUCTIVE - reaches a general conclusion from observed specifics (specific  general). By observing the performance of a large number of athletes, you could conclude that athletes possess physical stamina. What inductive reasoning does Gladwell use in Chapter 1? Chapter 2?

Inductive and Deductive Arguments DEDUCTIVE - begins with a major premise and moves toward a more specific statement or minor premise (general  specific). Athletes possess physical stamina. Because Anthony is an athlete, he must possess physical stamina. What deductive reasoning does Gladwell use in Chapter 1? Chapter 2?

Chapters 3, 4, & 5 Annotation Focus Claims of Fact Claims of Value Claims of Policy Inductive Reasoning Deductive Reasoning

Chapters 3, 4, & 5 Annotation Focus Evidence – Identify types of evidence in Chapters 3 & 4 and note whether or not it is sufficient to support the claim and why. Personal Experience – Identify and explain how it reveals Gladwell’s bias. Examples – Identify and note whether or not they are used alone or in conjunction with other examples. Explain how using examples in conjunction strengthens the argument.

Chapters 3, 4, & 5 Annotation Focus Statistics – Identify and note whether they are misused, manipulated, or misinterpreted and explain how so. Comparisons and Analogies – Identify and discuss how reliable they are (i.e., how closely they correspond to the situation). Relevancy and Sufficiency of Evidence – Note in the margin whether or not the kind of evidence used is relevant and/or sufficient.

Chapters 3, 4, & 5 Annotation Focus Definition of Terms – Identify new, technical, or special terms and note whether or not Gladwell sufficiently defines and/or explains them. Cause-Effect Relationships – Identify and discuss effects on the intended audience. Implied or Stated Value System – Note when Gladwell’s values seem to be consistent (or inconsistent) with yours.

Chapters 3, 4, & 5 Annotation Focus Recognizing and Refuting Opposing Viewpoints Feel free to question the accuracy, relevancy, or sufficiency of Gladwell’s evidence. Note questions/challenges in the margins. Note whether or not Gladwell addresses opposing viewpoints clearly and fairly. Note whether or not Gladwell refutes opposing viewpoints with logic and relevant evidence.