AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CH. 27n 24o CLASS NOTES DEINDUSTRILIZATION AND THE RISE OF THE SERVICE SECTOR

20th Century Industrialized CORE… Expansion of the Service Sector… (Tertiary level) Remember…GLOBALIZATION??? World web of production, consumption, & exchange that makes up the economy

FORDIST – System of Org. Industrial FORDIST – System of Org. Industrial Production / Labor using assembly line and standardization of parts

Challenge to Fordist By 1970s became difficult for USA Industry Core to maintain competitive advantage WHY??? Rise in oil $ Rise in labor activism / $ (agglomeration > deglomeration) Decline in transport $s Decline in communication $s

World Cities – Centers of strategic control of the world’s economy New York, London, Tokyo = Investing Zurich = Banking

Econ. Readjustment Foreign Direct Investment – investment in the economies of LDCs by transnational corporations based in MDCs Ex) Brazil, China and Mexico were the LDCs that received most of the investment. not all LDC’s receive this… why?

Map of Mexico's maquiladora plants

Footloose Industry – Company with no allegiance / ties to a location, thus can move its location Products lightweight & valuable

Post-Industrial Readjust Past Econ. Relations: Industrial core & exploited periphery New International Division of Labor – new relationships between C & P Complex global economy New regions are industrial players (4 Tigers) CORE = less Secondary, more Tertiary MULTINATIONAL CORPS.

Technopole & High-Technology Corridor areas devoted to research, development, and sale of high technology products networking and synergistic advantages of concentrating in these areas (with good universities and infrastructure) facilitate modern technological innovation Why Silicone Valley? Located Near Stanford!

Other technopoles around the world

Don’t Write!!!! Infinite’s corporate headquarters are located in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Located equidistant between the major metropolitan cities of Chicago, Minneapolis and Kansas City, the Cedar Rapids area has grown into a unique, diversified technology corridor. Our centralized location allows Infinite to stay on top of trends and innovations around the country. And with 3 state universities nearby and a diverse local economy, Cedar Rapids boasts a highly skilled technical workforce with expertise in a variety of industries including insurance, financial services, telecommunications and energy.

Time–Space Convergence – Greatly accelerated movement of goods, info., & ideas as a result of technology Ex) Time–Space Compression – relates to the social & psychological effects of living in a world of high T-S C 1920 London to Halifax by ship = 336 h 1958 London to Halifax by jet = 7 h Time saved: 336h – 7h = 329h On average you have saved 8.66 h/y for the 38 years it took to advance Compression- If stock market collapse in Japan, U.S. stocks will immediately fall because of fears

Bid Rent Theory Explains why price and demand for real estate changes as the distance from the central business district (CBD) increases.

And beyond… Human development Index (UN) Developed by the UN Takes GDP into account… But ALSO includes life expectancy (health) NS adult literacy rates (education)

Basic sector: activities and services that generate export and income for a city (e.g., manufacturing…). Nonbasic sector: work responsible for the functioning of the city itself (e.g., services, government, street cleaning, …). Multiplier effect (1:2 (or 1:3) for most large cities) for every worker in the basic sector, there are typically 2-3 workers in the nonbasic sector for most modern cities.

Ancillary Activities economic activities that surround and support large-scale industries Ex) Shipping, food service (cafeteria in restaurant), human resources department

Cottage Industries a business or manufacturing activity carried on in a person's home; handmade products NOT factory made

Economic Backwash vs. Backwater Economic Backwash- when one region’s economic gain translates into another region’s economic loss. Rustbelt suffered when auto industry moved to other countries Economic Backwater- regions that fail to gain from national economic development Ex) the Appalachian mountain region has remained economically weak regardless of growth in rest of U.S