- Connectors: Conjunctions Cohesive links - Connectors: Conjunctions May Horverak 2014

Why connectors Link, schoolhouse rock, conjunctions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPoBE-E8VOc Purpose: connect elements Create coherence, the elements in the texts are logically structured and linked May Horverak 2014

Categorisation of connectors Types of connectors: Co-ordinating conjunctions (and, or, but, for) Subordinating conjunctions (while, because, although) Conjuncts (However, Nevertheless, Meanwhile) Function of connectors: Additive: introducing extra information (and, in addition) Adversative: introducing contradictory information (but, however) Causal: introducing a reason (because, therefore) Temporal: introducing an order of something in time (first, then) Conditional: expressing a condition (if) May Horverak 2014

Connectors Function Co-ordinating conjunctions combining main clauses Subordinating conjunctions Introducing subclauses Conjuncts; (Can be used in the beginning of sentences, followed by a comma)   Additive (tillegg) and or Furthermore In addition Besides Likewise Similarly As well as For instance Adversative (motsetning) But although even though whereas However Nevertheless Yet On the one hand, on the other hand On the contrary Despite this May Horverak 2014

Causal (årsak) For because as since Consequently As a result So Therefore Hence That being so For this reason From this According to Temporal (tid)   when after before once until while First/Firstly Second/Secondly Third/Thirdly Finally Then Next At the same time To sum up In conclusion Conditional (forutsetning) if as long as May Horverak 2014

Co-ordinating conjunctions Sentences can be combined by using different types of conjunctions. Conjunctions are always found between the items they list, and can never start a sentence. Additive conjunctions (add an element): and, or He smiles and he talks. He is laughing or he is crying. Adversative conjunctions (present a contradiction): but She laughs but she seems sad. Causal conjunctions (present a reason): for He went to the party for he liked a girl there. May Horverak 2014

Exercises Identify co-ordinating conjunctions in the example-essay about English as a global language. Which ones are used to combine sentences? Look through what you have written previously and identify co-ordinating conjunctions. Do any of them start new sentences? If so, rewrite the text so they combine sentences. Use your notes about American society and values. Write two sentences with each of these conjunctions; «and», «or», «but» May Horverak 2014

Subordinating conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions introduce sub-clauses that give extra information about the action in the sentence. Sub-clauses can occur both in the beginning and in the end of a sentence. Adversative subjunctions (present a contradiction): The girl in the red dress was happy whereas the girl in the blue dress was sad. Although the man in the corner felt awful, he stayed the whole evening.   Causal subjunctions (present a reason) He came home because he was tired. As he had finished the job, he left. Temporal subjunctions (indicate time) He has been like that since he arrived. Before the young girl arrived, he made everything ready for a perfect date Conditional subjunctions (present a condition for something) I will come if it stops raining. As long as you are okay with it, I will do it. Notice the comma after sub-clauses when these occur in the beginning of sentences. May Horverak 2014

Exercises Identify subordinating conjunctions in the example-essay about English as a global language. What type of function do the various subordinating conjunctions have? Try to rewrite some of the sentences, moving the sub-clause to the beginning or the end of the sentence, depending on where it is. Look through what you have written previously and identify subordinating conjunctions. Use your notes about American society and values. Write ten sentences using different subordinating conjunctions with different functions. May Horverak 2014