History of the United States

Pre-Columbian Period (before 1492) Native Americans Hunter-gatherer societies Farmers Warriors 300 separate languages

Colonial Period 1492 – the beginning of Spanish colonization Spanish Florida, Spanish New Mexico XVI century – the beginning of English and French colonization English settlements in Virginia and New England

Types of immigration Economic immigration. Goods exported: gold, crops, tobacco, fur. Religious immigration caused by religious wars between Catholics and Protestants in Europe. Forced immigration caused by the need of cheap labor in agricultural areas.

English Colonies 1607: Jamestown became the first permanent English settlement in North America and the foundation of the Virginia colony. 13 years later: the Pilgrim settlement at Plymouth, and then a larger Puritan colony of Massachusetts Bay.

“Mayflower” 1620: 102 English Pilgrims+ 50 members of the crew In November sailed to the Atlantic Coast of North America Half of them survived the winter

English Colonies New England was settled by Puritans Pennsylvania was given to the Quaker William Penn as payment for a debt New York, New Jersey, and Delaware were taken from the Dutch by the British in 1664

American Revolution 1775-1783 Boston Tea Party - a key event in the growth of American Revolution (16 December 1773) 1774- the Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) Fighting broke out in 1775. The Second Continental Congress: July 4, 1776, The Declaration of Independence

The US Declaration of Independence - 1776 13 American colonies regarded themselves as independent states, and no longer a part of the British Empire. A new nation--the United States of America. Articles of Confederation to govern the new nation.

American Revolution 1775-1783 Victory over the British came in 1783, and the resulting Treaty of Paris established U.S. boundaries, from Canada to Spanish Florida, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River.

The US Constitution The Articles of Confederation provided a weak central government and proved inadequate to govern the growing nation. A new constitution was created in 1787, ratified in 1788, and took effect in 1789.

Founding Fathers A group of signers of Declaration of Independence A group of framers of the US Constitution John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, George Washington

The first President of the USA George Washington

The Period of Growth of the Nation 1803 - the Louisiana Purchase 1845 – Texas joined the USA 1846 – Oregon: agreement with Britain 1846-48 -the United States' victory in the Mexican War 1867 - Alaska

Louisiana Purchase 1803

Alaska 1867

1861-1865 Civil War In the presidential election of 1860 Republicans led by Abraham Lincoln opposed slavery (abolitionists). Before Lincoln’s inauguration eleven southern slave states formed the Confederacy. Both sides prepared for war.

1861-1865 Civil War Hostilities began on April 12, 1861 Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which made ending slavery a war goal. 1863, Gettysburg Address.

1861-1865 Civil War The defending Confederate army failed on April 9, 1865

Ku Klux Klan Organization which advocates extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti-immigration, historically expressed through terrorism.

1917-1918 World War 1 First, wanted to stay impartial Made weapons for the Allies Germany hit British and American ships Declared war in 1917, joined the Allies in 1918 In 1917, a very small army: 200,000 soldiers, had to recruit and train much more President Wilson took an active part in preparing the Versailles Treaty

The Great Depression and the New Deal 1929: the Wall Street Crash Consumers decreased their expenditure Overproduction, unemployment, poverty Roosevelt: the federal government should take the lead 1932: Roosevelt was elected President The New Deal: Government agencies to help citizens Jobs for the unemployed Trade and production recovered The right to join labor unions The Social Security Act

1941-1945 World War II American involvement in World War II in 1939-41 was limited to providing war material and financial support to Britain, the Soviet Union, and the Republic of China. 8 December 1941, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii During 1942 and 1943, the US deployed millions of men and thousands of planes and tanks to the UK

1941-1945 World War II The soldiers of World War II are referred to as "the greatest generation." Over 16 million served (about 11% of the population), and over 400,000 died during the war.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing

1945-1991 Cold War era For forty years, the United States provided foreign military aid and direct involvement in proxy wars against the Soviet Union. 1950-1953 – Korean War 1954-1975 – Vietnam War Nuclear weapons were kept ready by the United States under a concept of mutually assured destruction with the Soviet Union.

Cuban Missile Crisis a 13-day confrontation between the Soviet Union and Cuba on one side, and the US on the other, in October 1962

The Vietnam War (the American War) Until 1954, under the French rule The pro-communist North and the anti-communist South The US military intervention from 1965 to 1973 The victory of the North in 1975

Martin Luther King Leader in the African-American civil rights Movement. In 1962, King organized nonviolent protests that attracted national attention following television news coverage of the brutal police response. King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his “I have a Dream” speech.

Watergate Scandal 1972-1974 A political scandal that occurred in the United States in the 1970s as a result of the June 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C., and the Nixon administration's attempted cover-up of its involvement. The scandal eventually led to the resignation of Richard Nixon on August 9, 1974, the only resignation of a U.S. President.

1990-1991 The Persian Gulf War The war conflict between Iraq and a coalition force led by the United States.

9/11 a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks launched by the Islamist terrorist group al-Quaeda upon the US in New York City and the Washington D.C. areas on September 11, 2001.