BUILD!!! Saturated Fatty Acid Omega-3-cis-monounsaturated Fatty Acid Lipids (fats and oils) are another type of important biomolecule. In what ways do penguins utilize fats and oils?

Phospholipid Bilayer of Cell Membrane Lipids (fats and oils) are another type of important biomolecule. In what ways do penguins utilize fats and oils?

What is similar about all of these structures? What is different? Lipids (fats and oils) are another type of important biomolecule. In what ways do penguins utilize fats and oils?

Lipid Learning Targets Fatty Acids can be saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated Unsaturated fatty acids can be cis or trans isomers Triglycerides are formed by condensation from three fatty acids and one glycerol

There are many classes of lipids There are many classes of lipids. The ones to know are fats, waxes, sterols, and phospholipids. The main function of most lipids is energy storage. Some lipids are also used for structure (eg. phospholipids) or for signaling (eg. testosterone).

Why are they called “Fatty Acids?” Lipids Types of Fatty Acids Which part makes them an acid? Note: you should be able to draw a saturated fatty acid There are different types of lipids, but many are composed partly of fatty acid subunits. Fatty acids (pictured above) are long chains of carbon and hydrogen attached to a carboxyl group. If there are only single bonds between the carbon atoms in the chain, it leaves the maximum number of bonding places available to bond to hydrogen. This is called a saturated fatty acid. When there are double bonds between the carbons, it leaves fewer bonding spaces for hydrogen atoms (unsaturated). Can you figure out the difference between mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids? Notice the bend in the molecules where the double-bond occurs, whereas the saturated fatty acid is a straight molecule. The straighter the molecule, the more tightly the molecules can pack together. This is why saturated fats are solid at room temperature and unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature. Which part makes them “fatty”? #MustMemorize Saturated Mono-unsaturated Poly-unsaturated

cis-fats are good fats, trans-fats are bad fats cis-fatty acid Trans-fatty acid Liquid at room temperature   Solid at room temperature Fatty acids with a bend where the double-bond occurs have a “cis” structure. “Cis” means “same”. The hydrogens bonded to the carbons that are sharing a double bond are on the same side. Trans fatty acids also have a double-bond, but the hydrogens are on opposite sides. This causes the molecule to be straight, like a saturated fatty acid. This is why trans fats behave like saturated fats (solid at room temp, etc).

The cheer! Fatty acid? Oh just wait I’ll C C C C C Carboxyl Unsaturated’s cis or trans One’s bent one’s straight look at your hands

Lets build some fatty acids! Table 1- 8 carbon saturated fatty acid Table 2- 8 carbon cis-monounsaturated omega 3 fatty acid Table 3- 8 carbon trans-monounsaturated omega 3 fatty acid Table 4- 8 carbon cis-monounsaturated omega 3 fatty acid Table 5- 8 carbon saturated fatty acid Table 6- 8 carbon cis-monounsaturated omega 3 fatty acid Table 7- 8 carbon trans-monounsaturated omega 3 fatty acid Table 8- 8 carbon trans-monounsaturated omega 3 fatty acid

Learning target  Triglyceride glycerol three fatty acids The orange molecule at the top left is called gylcerol. Three fatty acids bonded to a gylcerol form a triglyceride. Three condensation reactions occur in the formation of the triglyceride. Notice that three water molecules that are formed as a byproduct of this reaction. Triglyceride

Construct a glycerol

Now build a triglyceride!

Amphipathic-containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts Phospholipids Amphipathic-containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts hydrophilic head Phospholipids are another lipid formed from two fatty acid “tails” bonded to a phosphate-containing “head.” The “head” is hydrophillic (attracted to water) because it is polar, but the “tails” are hydrophobic because they are nonpolar. Phospholipids are an important component of cell membranes. They form a double layer, called a “bilayer,” with the hydrophobic components facing inward (away from the water outside of the cell and inside of the cell). The hydrophillic heads face outward (toward the water). Cell Membrane two hydrophobic tails

Other Lipids Bee Wax Cholesterol Other lipids include waxes and cholesterol (shown here in an abbreviated form). Cholesterol

Other Lipids Other lipids include waxes and cholesterol (shown here in an abbreviated form).