PSP, SO, and Ground-based Synoptic Observations from NSO Frank Hill Oct 5, 2017

A powerful combination In-situ + remote sensing z understanding Example: driving in traffic Driver X, an in-situ sensor, cannot make good decisions on route strategy without knowing the context Is there an accident? Where is it? Does the driver have an acceptable alternate route? The context is provided by the TV traffic reporter

So too for PSP and SO PSP will provide in-situ sensing close in to the Sun SO will provide in-situ and remote sensing at high latitudes The goal is to understand how the in-situ measurements fit in to the solar and heliospheric system For this we need to know: The global magnetic configuration that is present at the time of the measurement The connectivity of the magnetic field from the sun to the spacecraft – what field line is it on? The characteristics of solar activity prior to and during the in- situ measurement

The NSO Integrated Synoptic Program (NISP) Provides the needed context Comprises GONG and SOLIS Long history of producing magnetic field, intensity images, and helioseismology observations 43 years of magnetic field 22 years of helioseismology 7 years of H-α intensity Many products already seen at this meeting

NISP Components - GONG GONG=Global Oscillation Network Group GONG is a six-site network of instruments located around the world to observe the sun as continuously as possible Originally intended for helioseismology, now also supplies magnetic field measurements and H- intensity images Important dates: 1995 operations start 2001 camera upgrade from 256 x 256 to 1k x 1k 2006 start of continual magnetic field measurements 2010 start of H- data

GONG Instrumentation Two instruments: Michelson Interferometer helioseismology Doppler velocity, intensity and LOS magnetic field 1k x 1k full-disk images in Ni I 676.8 nm 60-sec cadence 10-min average magnetic field Air Force-funded filter system H- intensity 2k x 2k full-disk images 60-sec cadence at a given site, 20-sec cadence from network NSO/GONG Udaipur H Intensity 2012/02/14

GONG derived data products Non-helioseismology: Hourly synoptic magnetic field maps PFSS coronal field extrapolations Solar wind speed (AFRL) from WSA Geomagnetic storm forecasts (NOAA/SWPC) from WSA+ Enlil H-α images and movies (AFWA) Helioseismology: Mode frequencies (108 day time series every 36 days) Farside images Ring diagram flow maps

Derived Magnetic fields Synoptic maps every hour PFSS extrapolations

Big challenge – combining multi-instrument magnetogram observations GONG has 6 “identical” instruments measuring the solar magnetic field However, the instrumental background (“zero-point”) is significantly different from site to site Raw difference is as much as 1 to 3 G – mainly due to small differences in the state switching speed of the polarization modulators Seeing also plays a role Assuming simultaneous observations see the same solar field, and discarding the first 3 raw observing frames, we have achieved a background zero-point of 0.1 G This took a lot of effort, so DO NOT underestimate the difficulty of combining magnetic field observations.

H-α data Provides location, time, brightness of flares Provides filament observations

GONG Far-side Maps (October 7 – 21, 2014) Front-side AR 2192 is clearly visible in these maps.

NISP Components - SOLIS SOLIS=Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun SOLIS is composed of a single equatorial mount carrying three telescopes: The 50-cm Vector Spectromagnetograph (VSM) Measures the solar magnetic field The 14-cm Full-Disk Patrol (FDP) Provides intensity images in several wavelengths The 0.8-cm Integrated Sunlight Spectrometer (ISS) Obtains spectra of the sun as a star in nine wavelength regions Continues the > 40 year record of synoptic data from NSO Daily observing cadence for VSM full-disk magnetograms

SOLIS instrumentation on Kitt Peak FDP ISS VSM

SOLIS VSM data products

SOLIS VSM Vector full-disk observations

Many choices of SOLIS VSM synoptic maps Photosphere or chromosphere Near-real-time or Carrington rotation Data or spatial variance Longitudinal or vector If vector, then radial, theta or phi 1 or 0.2-degree resolution Sine (latitude) or latitude

Longitudinal synoptic maps Photosphere Longitudinal synoptic maps Chromosphere

Spatial variance map - Photosphere

Vector synoptic maps - Photosphere

NISP status SOLIS is moving from Tucson to Big Bear Solar Observatory as part of NSO relocation Good consistent seeing 70% clear time County permits obtained Construction about to start 4-month data gap (Nov. 2017 – Feb 2018) GONG test/engineering site moving from Tucson to Boulder Construction has started Units to arrive in Boulder on 10/16 GONG refurbishment is under way Improved magnetic field measurements H-α Doppler-shift observations will be provided – filament dynamics

Summary PSP and SO need context/remote sensing to fully exploit science return of the missions The NSO Integrated Synoptic Program (NISP) has many relevant context data products that are continually produced and freely available to the missions Do not hesitate to contact NISP for technical issues, or if you have an idea for a new product