TYPES OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

Four most common types of nosomocial infections are: UTI SSI Nosocomial Pneumonia Nosocomial Bacteremia

Urinary Tract Infection 80% associated with the use of indwelling catheters Associated with less morbidity Gram-negative enterics, 50% Fungi, 25% Enterococci, 10%

Surgical Site Infection Are also frequent – 15% Presence of purulent discharge around the wound or the insertion site of a drain or – Presence of cellulites which is emanating from the wound Patients acquire infection either endogenously or exogenously Contamination varies with the length of the procedure and the health condition of the patient Staphylococcus aureus, 20% Pseudomonads, 16%

Nosocomial Pneumonia About 3% of patients on ventilators acquire pneumonia The source is often endogenous but may also be exogenous with transfer of an organism from the respiratory equipment

Pulmonary aspergillosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Viral pneumonias Risk Factors Pathogens infecting the Respiratory tract mechanical ventilation (high risk), elderly, neonates, severe underlying disease, immunodeficiency, depressed sensorium, cardiopulmonary disease, recent thoraco-abdominal surgery Bacterial pneumonia Legionnaires' disease Pulmonary aspergillosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Viral pneumonias - Respiratory Syncytial Virus(RSV) - influenza

Nosocomial Bacteremia About 5% of nosocomial infections may occur at the entry site of the intravascular device sources of infection-causing microorganism for these infections are endogenous Coagulase-negative staphylococci, 40% Enterococci, 11.2% Fungi, 9.65% Staphylococcus aureus, 9.3% Enterobacter species, 6.2% Pseudomonads, 4.9%