SESSION OBJECTIVES SESSION OBJECTIVE To understand the participation rates for ethnic minorities and disability sport and the reasons for this. SESSION OBJECTIVES SESSION OUTCOME To be able to give examples of the participation rates for ethnic minorities and disability sport and give examples of the reasons for the rate in participation.

ETHNIC MINORITY PARTICIPATION EXPLANATION OF THE GRAPH

REASONS FOR PARTICIPATION RATES… TIME INCOME MOBILITY EDUCATION

ETHNIC PREFERENCES Asian sports performers Cricket/ racket sports (culturally acceptable) Football/ athletics/ basketball/ boxing; cheap, little equipment and easy to practise. Black sports performers Chinese/ Pakistani Badminton

Examples of racism in sport Stacking –keep minorities from decision-making positions Channelling – teachers directing ethnic groups into specific sports Racist attacks – physical and/or verbal Examples of racism in sport Attitudes – biased opinions of others Labelling – teachers expectations of ethnic groups Centrality – ethnic groups away from central positions

Policies to overcome racism Supportive clubs, rather than enforcing clubs Media coverage/ promotion Campaigns to eliminate racism Policies to overcome racism Good publicity to attract/ inform Ease of access Appointment of ethnic sports development officers Use of role models – persuasion from significant others

EXAM QUESTION EXAM QUESTION ANSWER Today, some groups in society are less involved in sport and physical activity than others. Give three reasons for the lower participation rates among some ethnic minority groups. (3 marks) ANSWER Racial discrimination; Not encouraged/actively discouraged by parents/peers; Low status/priority given to sport; Conflict with religious customs/observance/dress code; Lack of role models/fewer coaches; EXAM QUESTION

Disabled performer - the victim CYCLE OF DEPRESSION Ability Opportunity Disabled performer - the victim Provision Esteem

DISABILITY SPORT ENGLAND TASK.... Read the paragraph and identify 5 main points about Disability Sport England.

INCLUSIVE SPORT ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Teachers able to focus on disabled requirements All participants have something in common More likely to have specialised resources Levels of excellence more easily achieved Individual needs more easily catered for Over-protection of disabled – no preparation for society Emphasise differences Less socialising with able-bodied Over-simplification of disability – assumes all disabilities are the same

SEGREGATED SPORT ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Increase mutual understanding Recognises equality Reflection of integrated society Many techniques/ programmes available to promote positive involvement Chance of bullying Limited access to specialist resources Difficult for teachers to cope with situation Reinforces differences as against similarities

ADAPTED SPORTS

Raising of awareness of LAs and NGBs Improvements in facility design Specialist coaching What has been done to increase sports participation for the disabled Better media coverage More events Raised profile of Paralympics

EXAM QUESTION EXAM QUESTION ANSWER (i) What benefits can participation in sporting activities have for people with disabilities? (4 marks) (ii) What is the role of Disability Sport England? (3 marks) ANSWER (i) Increase self esteem/confidence; challenge/develop new skills/achievement; health/physical development; active role in society; less ‘them and us’ attitude/public awareness and acceptance of disability sport/reduce stereotypes; inclusion/integration into society; the more they participate the higher the standards reached/role models; Allows them to be competitive/can be a spectator/increase knowledge in specialised coaching. 4 marks (ii) to provide opportunities for people with disabilities; to promote benefits of exercise to people with disabilities; to support relevant organisations who provide for people with disabilities; to educate and make society aware of the needs and abilities of people with disabilities/combat discrimination; to encourage people with disabilities to take an active role in the development of their sport; to develop participation from the grass roots (through to Paralympics level). EXAM QUESTION