The Health Benefits of Physical Activity Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Concept 4 The Health Benefits of Physical Activity Physical activity and good physical fitness can reduce the risk of illness and contribute to optimal health and wellness. © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. McGraw-Hill Concept 4 2

Presentation Overview Hypokinetic diseases Risk factors Cardiovascular disease (CVD) Health/wellness benefits of PA PA & aging Hyperkinetic conditions Discussion Activity

Physical Activity & Health Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Physical Activity & Health What physical activity can do for health Reduces risks of many chronic diseases Promotes weight control Slows premature aging Improves quality of life …many more! Physical activity is not a panacea for all medical conditions, but it is probably the single best thing individuals can do for their health. Concept 4

How can PA and good fitness contribute to optimal health/wellness? Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com How can PA and good fitness contribute to optimal health/wellness? Aid in disease/illness prevention Significant contributors to disease/illness treatment Methods of health/wellness promotion Concept 4

Hypokinetic Conditions Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Hypokinetic Conditions Cardiovascular disease CHD #1 cause of death Stroke #3 Cancer (#2) Back problems Obesity Diabetes Osteoporosis Mental health What is SeDS? Concept 4 6

Factors that CANNOT be Altered Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Factors that CANNOT be Altered Age Heredity Gender Concept 4

Factors that CAN be Altered Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Factors that CAN be Altered Physical activity Diet Stress Tobacco use Body (fatness) Blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure Reducing your risk of diseases Concept 4

Cardiovascular Disease Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Cardiovascular Disease Coronary heart disease (CHD) #1 cause of death Stroke #3 cause of death Lab 4a information Concept 4 7

Modifiable Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Modifiable Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease Smoking Hypertension Hypercholesterolemia Physical inactivity Overweight / overfat Concept 4

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com PA & the Healthy Heart Produces a strong heart muscle Promotes good collateral circulation Concept 4 8

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com PA & Atherosclerosis Lowers blood lipid levels Increases HDL cholesterol (“good cholesterol”) Reduces fibrin deposits (blood coagulation) Concept 4 9

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Activity Reduces Coronary Heart Disease Risk It takes only a moderate amount of physical activity to reduce health risks of CHD. CHD RISK Level of Physical Activity Concept 4 10

PA & Other Cardiovascular Diseases Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com PA & Other Cardiovascular Diseases Reduced risk of high blood pressure (hypertension) Reduced risk of stroke Prevention of peripheral vascular disease Reduction in CVD deaths Associated with metabolic syndrome Concept 4

Metabolic Syndrome (Syndrome X) Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Metabolic Syndrome (Syndrome X) Opposite of metabolic fitness (as discussed in Concept 1) ≥3 of the following: BP >130/85 Fasting blood sugar level of ≥100 Blood triglycerides of ≥150 Low blood HDL level (<40 for men and <50 women) High abdominal circumference (≥40” for men or 35” for women) Concept 4

Physical Activity & Other Hypokinetic Conditions Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Physical Activity & Other Hypokinetic Conditions Cancer Diabetes Musculoskeletal Problems Obesity Emotional Health Immune System Alzheimer’s Disease & Dementia Concept 4

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Cancer #2 cause of death There are various types of cancer but they are all characterized by abnormal, uncontrolled cell growth. The abnormal cells divide, forming malignant tumors (carcinomas). If the abnormal cells reach the blood, they can spread, causing tumors elsewhere in the body. Concept 4 11

Activity Reduces the Risk of Some Cancers Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Activity Reduces the Risk of Some Cancers Reduced transit time Decreased risk of colo-rectal cancer Reduced levels of hormones Decreased risk of breast cancer and some reproductive cancers Improved immune system Reduced levels of body fat Concept 4 12

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Back Problems 80% of the population will experience back pain at some point in their life Back problems are a major cause of inactivity in adults Concept 4 13

Activity Reduces Risk of Back Pain Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Activity Reduces Risk of Back Pain Improves flexibility of joints and ligaments Improves musculoskeletal strength and endurance Concept 4 14

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Obesity Over half of the population in the United States is considered to be overweight Obesity increases the risk of many other diseases Concept 4 15

Activity Promotes Weight Control Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Activity Promotes Weight Control Burns calories Increases rate of metabolism Promotes fat loss and preserves muscle Concept 4 16

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type I (juvenile onset) Pancreas fails to produce insulin Type 2 (adult onset) Lack of sensitivity to insulin Often caused by obesity Concept 4 17

Activity Reduces Risks of Diabetes Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Activity Reduces Risks of Diabetes Type 1 Reduced disease risk Increased quality of life Type 2 Decreased insulin requirement Reduced fatness Concept 4 18

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Osteoporosis Progressive loss of bone mineral density Occurs commonly in old age Occurs at an earlier age and more frequently in women than men Factors associated with osteoporosis Loss of sex hormones Low calcium levels Physical inactivity High protein intake Smoking Caffeine Concept 4 19

Physical Activity Reduces Risk of Osteoporosis Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Physical Activity Reduces Risk of Osteoporosis Increases peak bone mass Slows decline in bone mass Concept 4 21

Physical Activity Improves Emotional Health Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Physical Activity Improves Emotional Health Reduced depression Reduced anxiety Improved sleep (greater ability to relax) Increased self-esteem Concept 4 22

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com PA & Immune Function Concept 4

PA & Alzheimer's Disease Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com PA & Alzheimer's Disease Factors relating to heart health also contribute to brain health. Studies indicate that PA and challenging mental activities are especially important among the lifestyle factors involved in maintaining brain health and preventing Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Concept 4

Physical Activity & Aging Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Physical Activity & Aging Slows aging Acquired aging (related to lifestyle) Compression of morbidity Time-dependent aging cannot be altered Concept 4 23

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Activity Aging Cycle Decrease Physical Activity Gain Weight Physical Lose Energy Deterioration Perceive Self As Old Concept 4 5

Physical Activity & Wellness Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Physical Activity & Wellness Good physical fitness: helps you enjoy leisure helps you work more effectively and efficiently keeps body functioning effectively is the basis for dynamic and creative activity can help you function safely and meet emergencies PA – major part of most employee health promotion programs Concept 4

Hyperkinetic Conditions Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Hyperkinetic Conditions Overuse injuries Muscles Connective tissue Bones Anorexia nervosa Body neurosis Concept 4

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com PA as “medicine” Exercise is Medicine (EIM) Concept 4

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Summary Regular physical activity and good fitness can promote good health, help prevent disease, and be a part of disease treatment and health promotion. Too many adults suffer from hypokinetic diseases. Many factors are under your control (lifestyles). End of presentation Concept 4

Return to Presentation Discussion Activity Why do you think we have an entire chapter on the health benefits of PA?