Atomic Structure Know the three types of ionising radiation Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Atomic Structure In this topic we are only interested in the nuclei of atoms. Atomic nuclei are made of protons and neutrons Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Atomic Structure Know the three types of ionising radiation Relative Mass Relative Charge Proton Neutron Electron Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Atomic Structure Know the three types of ionising radiation Relative Mass Relative Charge Proton 1 Neutron Electron Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Atomic Structure Know the three types of ionising radiation Relative Mass Relative Charge Proton 1 Neutron Electron Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Atomic Structure Know the three types of ionising radiation Relative Mass Relative Charge Proton 1 Neutron Electron 1/2000 Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Atomic Structure Know the three types of ionising radiation Relative Mass Relative Charge Proton 1 +1 Neutron Electron 1/2000 Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Atomic Structure Know the three types of ionising radiation Relative Mass Relative Charge Proton 1 +1 Neutron Electron 1/2000 Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Atomic Structure Know the three types of ionising radiation Relative Mass Relative Charge Proton 1 +1 Neutron Electron 1/2000 -1 Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Atomic Structure The number of protons an atom contains determines the element 3 Li Mass Number (A) Number of protons plus neutrons. Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons. 7 Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Atomic Structure Look at your periodic table and answer the following questions: 2 How many protons are in a helium nucleus? How many masses in a boron nucleus? How many neutrons in a lithium nucleus? How many neutrons in an oxygen nucleus? 11 4 8 Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Number of protons in He = Number of neutrons in Lithium = Number of protons in Carbon = Number of neutrons in Phosphorous = Number of protons in Sodium = Number of protons in Lithium = Number of protons in Oxygen = Number of neutrons in Fluorine = Number of neutrons in Argon = A 2 C 4 D 6 I 16 O 11 R 3 T 8 V 22 Y 9 E 10 G 7 J 34 S 1 P 12

Atomic Structure 8,8,16,22,16,2,4,6,2,3,16,9,11 Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Cl Cl Cl Isotopes Why does chlorine have a mass number of 35.5? 17 37 There are two forms of chlorine. 75% of the chlorine has a mass of 35 and 25% of the chlorine has a mass number of 37 Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Isotopes Isotopes are variations of the same element. They have the same chemical properties as each other Isotopes have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons. Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Isotopes Carbon - 14 Carbon -12 Carbon - 13 6 protons, 8 neutrons Other isotopes we will come across in this topic Uranium -235 Uranium - 238 Technicium - 99 Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Naturally Occurring Isotopes Man Made Isotopes Stable Isotopes Unstable Isotopes There are 339 naturally occurring isotopes. Formed by the processes that occur in the centre of stars. Aren’t found naturally. Are created in particle accelerators and nuclear reactors. Usually only exist for very short times. There are 255 stable isotopes. They have not been observed to decay…..yet. These isotopes decay. Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Radioactive Decay Some isotope nuclei are unstable In order to become stable they eject either matter or energy from the nucleus. There are three types of radiation Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Alpha Decay Nuclei that decay via alpha decay emit an alpha particle An alpha particle has the symbol and consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. What charge does an alpha particle have? What mass does an alpha particle have? Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Alpha Decay Know the three types of ionising radiation Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Alpha Decay Know the three types of ionising radiation Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Beta Decay Nuclei that decay via beta decay emit a beta particle A beta particle is a fast moving electron emitted from the nucleus and has the symbol What charge does a beta particle have? What mass does a beta particle have? Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Beta Decay Know the three types of ionising radiation Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Beta Decay Know the three types of ionising radiation Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Gamma Decay If an unstable nuclei decays via gamma decay it emits a gamma ray. It does not lose any mass. Gamma rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The charge on a gamma ray is ... The symbol of a gamma ray is…. Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation

Isotopes Bingo Know the three types of ionising radiation Recall why some atoms are radioactive Understand and explain isotopes Know the three types of ionising radiation