Dr.B.Nimalathasan & Mr.S.Ramesh Rajarata University of Sri Lanka MANAGEMENT ATTITUDE AND ITS EFFECT ON INTERNEES’ PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED ORGANIZATIONS IN BANGLADESH: A PATH ANALYSIS Presented by Dr.B.Nimalathasan & Mr.S.Ramesh held on 27th October, 2011 at International Conference on Modern Trends in Innovative Management -2011 Rajarata University of Sri Lanka

OUTLINE OF THE STUDY Introduction. Literature. Objectives. Hypotheses. Methodology. Results and Discussion. Conclusion. Recommendation. Direction for the Future Researches.

INTRODUCTION Every year Department of Management Studies (DMS), University of Chittagong, Bangladesh is allowed internship training program with live practical exposure for Master of Business Administration (MBA) graduates. The basic objective of internship is to provide practical exposure to the students in a working environment. Internship can be really helpful to any MBA graduates, who are looking for hands-on expertise. As an intern, they can widen knowledge, competencies, and experience related to their career. DMS provides internship program to help students to assimilate information and bridge gap between academics and career. This is helpful for the student as pre-work experience that employers are looking out for in a candidate. It provides a supervised pre-professional learning experience, in which students apply their skills and knowledge in a professional setting. After completion of MBA written exam, the internees are required to undergo internship program with business organizations, autonomous and governments’ enterprises, multinational companies (MNCs) and other research bodies or development projects where the students get an opportunity for translating theoretical conception into real life situation.

LITERATURE In general terms, an internship is viewed as a short-term practical work experience in which internees receive training and gain experience in a specific field or career area of their interest. The internship experience enables internee to apply classroom theory within the actual world of work thus bridging the gap between theory and practice. The value of internships is well documented in research literature (Kok, 2000). Boyle & Crosby (1997) said that internships for both faculty and students should be required to adequately evaluate the quality of educational programmes. Department or faculty internships were important for those who teach courses that are vocationally-oriented (Baha & Glon, 1988). However, internees’ performance depends on the management attitudes of the organizations. Therefore, the present study is initiated to identify dimensions of management attitudes towards internees’ performance.

OBJECTIVES To recognize the factors that determines the MA; and The main objective of the present study is to find out the management attitudes and its effect on internees’ performance in selected organizations in Bangladesh: To attain the main objectives, the specific objectives are: To recognize the factors that determines the MA; and To find out the relationship between MA and IP.

HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT The following hypotheses are taken for the study MA and IP are positively correlated. MA has an effect on IP.

METHODOLOGY SAMPLING STRATEGY The internees were underwent internship program with the business organizations, autonomous, government enterprises, MNCs, other research bodies and development projects. These enterprises have been selected through convenience sampling techniques. Hence ultimate sample is seventy five enterprises in Bangladesh. DATA SOURCES Given the nature of the present study, it was required to collect data from the primary and secondary sources. During data collection, the authors were always careful of the objectives and hypotheses of the study. Primary data were collected through the questionnaire. Secondary data were collected from research studies, books, journals, newspapers and ongoing academic working papers. MEASURES The questionnaire was administrated to Chief Executive Officers (CEOs)/ General Managers in different organization which were attached the internees in Bangladesh. It has been prepared based on five Likert scale (1= Excellent; 2 = Very Good; 3= Good; 4 = Average and 5= Unsatisfactory) to identify the MA and IP. RELIABILITY OF THE SCALES AND VALIDITY OF THE DATA The reliability value of our surveyed data was 0.900 for MA and IP variables. If we compare our reliability value with the standard value alpha of 0.7 advocated by Cronbach (1951), a more accurate recommendation (Nunnally & Bernstein’s, 1994) or with the standard value of 0.6 as recommendated by Bagozzi & Yi’s (1988). Researchers find that the scales used by us are highly reliable for data analysis.

Cont/d... STATISTICAL TOOLS USED In the present study, we analysed the collected data by inferential statistics (i.e., exploratory factor analysis, correlation and regression).For the study, entire analysis is done by personal computer. A well known statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 13.0 version was used in order to analyze the data.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) The study was indentified the following factors for Management Attitudes. Management attitudes group-I : Ability to Work Independently (AWI) Management attitudes group-II : Job interest (JI) Analyses presented in the EFA produced the above list of two management attitudes groups suitable for representing management attitudes of the selected organizations. In addition, these groups are considered as independent variables and internee’s performance are considered dependent variables as well for further analyses. Correlation Analysis AWI and JI are independently positively correlated with IP and also highly significant at 1% levels. Here it is obvious that the maximum correlation (r =0.705) is existed between AWI and IP, followed by the association (r =0.624) between JI and IP. That is it should be needed to give the highest emphasis on job interest factors for internees’ performance. Except IP, remaining two factors are pair-wise positively correlated with one to another and also statistically significant at P-value 0.000.

Figure-1: Model of Independent Factors and Employee’s Performance Cont/d... Path Analysis Path analysis was engaged in this study to identify the direct and indirect effects of independent factors on dependent factor (IP). In model (Figure-1) three hypothesized path coefficients are considered and are strongly significant at 1% levels. Where ** =P 0.01 Figure-1: Model of Independent Factors and Employee’s Performance There are two arrows in path model that came from some unknown factors; the values along with the arrows indicate error effects on respective factor, which didn’t consider in the study. The overall error effect 0.442 discloses that only 44% effect of factors is ignored due to unavoidable circumstances. Moreover (1-0.558) =0.442=R2 reveals that the considered factors are superior selection for the analysis. AWI JI IP 0.442 0.633 0.517** 0.606** 0.317**

CONCLUSION From the correlation matrix, it is found that the maximum correlation (r =0.705) is existed between AWI and IP, followed by the association (r =0.624) between JI and IP. That is it should be needed to give the highest emphasis on job interest factors for internees’ performance. Like correlation matrix, path analysis also declares that the total effects are the adding of direct and indirect effects. Out of about 71% total effect (0.705) of AWI on IP, almost 52% is direct effect (0.517), approximately 19% are indirect effects through AWI (0.606) and JI (0.317) respectively.

RECOMMENDATION Organizational Climate Efficient Management Arrangement of Routine Training Facilities Personal Relationship New Technology

DIRECTION FOR THE FUTURE RESEARCHES The comparative study of MA and IP between the enterprises with in Bangladesh may be made. The comparative study of MA and IP among SAARC countries and Bangladesh can be made. A separate study may be done between executive position and MA on IP. A Specific in-depth study may be undertaken on the small, medium and large industrial enterprises of Bangladesh to identify MA on IP.

Thank you for your time and Co-operation Discussions Thank you for your time and Co-operation