> SolarPACES 2017 > Lisa Willwerth • Volume Change in DSG-Solarfield and Steam Drum due to Changes in Evaporation Conditions > 28th Sept. 2017 Volume.

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> SolarPACES 2017 > Lisa Willwerth • Volume Change in DSG-Solarfield and Steam Drum due to Changes in Evaporation Conditions > 28th Sept. 2017 Volume Change in DSG-Solarfield and Steam Drum due to Changes in Evaporation Conditions from Experience Lisa Willwerth Co-Authors: Michael Berger, Marwan Mokhtar, Dirk Krüger, Christian Zahler

Solar Field at RAMPharma, Amman > SolarPACES 2017 > Lisa Willwerth • Volume Change in DSG-Solarfield and Steam Drum due to Changes in Evaporation Conditions > 28th Sept. 2017 Solar Field at RAMPharma, Amman Solar field: linear Fresnel collectors of Industrial Solar GmbH Supply of saturated steam at 6 bar gauge Start of operation: March 2015 Solar field 394 m² Steam drum 2 m³ Collector field and steam drum with piping to steam network

Solar Field at RAMPharma, Amman > SolarPACES 2017 > Lisa Willwerth • Volume Change in DSG-Solarfield and Steam Drum due to Changes in Evaporation Conditions > 28th Sept. 2017 Solar Field at RAMPharma, Amman < 14 General design

Experience of Operation > SolarPACES 2017 > Lisa Willwerth • Volume Change in DSG-Solarfield and Steam Drum due to Changes in Evaporation Conditions > 28th Sept. 2017 Experience of Operation fossil Energy 830 kWh solar Energy 860 kWh ~ 50% fossil fuel saving 13th of July 2016

Experience of Operation > SolarPACES 2017 > Lisa Willwerth • Volume Change in DSG-Solarfield and Steam Drum due to Changes in Evaporation Conditions > 28th Sept. 2017 Experience of Operation Reliable operation No negative interference with conventional steam supply Solar field can provide more stable pressure than fossil boiler SD function as Ruths storage works well and supplies steam in a pressure range from 7 barg to 14 barg

Measured and Calculated Steam Drum Level > SolarPACES 2017 > Lisa Willwerth • Volume Change in DSG-Solarfield and Steam Drum due to Changes in Evaporation Conditions > 28th Sept. 2017 Measured and Calculated Steam Drum Level 13th of July 2016

Flow Meter Measurement Uncertainties > SolarPACES 2017 > Lisa Willwerth • Volume Change in DSG-Solarfield and Steam Drum due to Changes in Evaporation Conditions > 28th Sept. 2017 Flow Meter Measurement Uncertainties 13th of July 2016

Changes in the Steam Drum Level > SolarPACES 2017 > Lisa Willwerth • Volume Change in DSG-Solarfield and Steam Drum due to Changes in Evaporation Conditions > 28th Sept. 2017 Changes in the Steam Drum Level 13th of July 2016

Changes in the Steam Drum Level for 9 random days > SolarPACES 2017 > Lisa Willwerth • Volume Change in DSG-Solarfield and Steam Drum due to Changes in Evaporation Conditions > 28th Sept. 2017 Changes in the Steam Drum Level for 9 random days

Causes for Increase and Decrease in Steam Drum Level > SolarPACES 2017 > Lisa Willwerth • Volume Change in DSG-Solarfield and Steam Drum due to Changes in Evaporation Conditions > 28th Sept. 2017 Causes for Increase and Decrease in Steam Drum Level Level Increase Level Decrease Feed water increases water mass Steam flow to the consumer reduces water mass Evaporation in the solar field due to an increase in power, temperature and pressure Condensation in the solar field due to a decrease in power, temperature and pressure Flash evaporation in the solar field due to an (increased) opening of V01 and a related pressure drop Collapse of the steam bubble in the solar field due to the decrease in temperature caused by evaporation, or due to an increase in pressure without an increase in power. Shrink and swell effect due to flash evaporation in the steam drum due to opening of V01 and a related pressure drop The feed water mass flow cools down the solar field and stops evaporation. Thermal Expansion in the liquid water due to temperature increase Temperature decrease causes liquid water volume to shrink

> SolarPACES 2017 > Lisa Willwerth • Volume Change in DSG-Solarfield and Steam Drum due to Changes in Evaporation Conditions > 28th Sept. 2017 Conclusion Solar DSG in most situations provides stable pressure to industrial processes A big steam drum stabilizes DSG and serves as Ruths storage Over the day steam drum level changes several times in the scale of solar field volume (~250 Liter) due to water volume changes during evaporation and condensation The RamPHARMA steam drum of 2000 liter is big enough to have no problem with these volume changes A table of causes for increasing or decreasing water volume was compiled.