APHG UNIT II POPULATION (Ch2) and MIGRATION (ch3) SYRIAN REFUGEES TOKYO, JAPAN

Where is the world population distributed? CHApter 2 Key Issue 1 Where is the world population distributed?

Examining the distribution of humans across the planet is one of the most fascinating elements of Human Geography. DEMOGRAPHY- the study of statistics, location, structure of human populations.

FIGURE 2-8 WORLD POPULATION THROUGH HISTORY Through most of human history population growth was virtually nil. Population increased rapidly beginning in the eighteenth century.

HUMANS ARE NOT EVENLY DISTRIBUTED Population Concentrations 2/3 of the world’s inhabitants are clustered in four regions of the globe.

4 MAJOR WORLD POPULATION CLUSTERS

1.) EAST ASIA – 1.6 Billion

CHINA 1.35 billion JAPAN 127 million POPULOUS NATIONS CHINA 1.35 billion JAPAN 127 million

2.) SOUTH ASIA – 1.6 Billion

INDIA 1.3 billion BANGLADESH 160 million POPULOUS COUNTRIES INDIA 1.3 billion PAKISTAN 180 million BANGLADESH 160 million

3.) EUROPE – 740 Million

MULTIPLE POPULOUS COUNTRIES UNITED KINGDOM – 63 million RUSSIA – 142 million GERMANY – 82 million FRANCE – 64 million UNITED KINGDOM – 63 million ITALY - 61 million SPAIN – 47 million UKRAINE – 45 million……

4.) SOUTHEAST ASIA – 620 million

INDONESIA – 250 million PHILIPPINES – 100 million VIETNAM – 90 million POPULOUS COUNTRIES INDONESIA – 250 million PHILIPPINES – 100 million VIETNAM – 90 million THAILAND – 68 million

2 EMERGING WORLD POPUALTION CLUSTERS

1.) Northeastern United States ‘BoWash Megalopolis’ 45 Million

BOSTON NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA WASINGTON DC BALTIMORE SPRINGFIELD PROVIDENCE HARTFORD NEW HAVEN BRIDGEPORT STAMFORD NEW YORK TRENTON PHILADELPHIA CAMDEN BALTIMORE WASINGTON DC

Egypt: 82 million (densely concentrated) 2.) Nigeria & Egypt Nigeria: 180 million Egypt: 82 million (densely concentrated)

LARGEST WORLD METROPOLISES

Largest Urban METRO Areas (City and surroundings) Tokyo/Yokohama, JAP: 37 million Jakarta, IND 30.5 million Delhi, INDIA 25 million Manila, PHI 24.1 million Seoul/Gyeonggi /Incheon KOR 23.5 million Shanghai, CHI 23.4 million Karachi, PAK 22.1 million Beijing, CHI 21 million NYC, USA: 20.6 million

One of the deepest divisions in the world today exists between URBAN and RURAL places and people. The world is rapidly urbanizing- but that can mean very different things to different people.

The URBANIZATION Divide All 3Asian clusters are more than 50% rural, on average- most are small farmers working on small plots.* Europe is more than ¾ urbanized. It is supported by very few farmers, who use technology to work large plots. *Japan is an exception, resembling Europe.

Site and Situation of Population Clusters Mostly low-lying areas with fertile soil and temperate climate Near an ocean, or near a river with easy access to an ocean.

Regions hosting permanent human settlement are called the ecumene zone. FIGURE 2-3 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION People are not distributed uniformly across Earth’s surface.

The ECUMENE has grown larger as humans have dispersed across the Earth, and as technology and innovation have allowed us to adapt to new environments. FIGURE 2-4 ECUMENE Seven thousand years ago humans occupied only a small percentage of Earth’s land area, primarily in Southwest Asia, Eastern Europe, and East Asia. Even 500 years ago much of North America and Asia lay outside the ecumene. Still, approximately three-fourths of the world’s population live on only 5 percent of Earth’s surface. The balance of Earth’s surface consists of oceans (about 71 percent) and less intensively inhabited land.

Sparsely Populated Regions Humans avoid clustering in certain physical environments. Dry Lands Wet Lands Cold Lands High Lands Humans tend to avoid places that are unaccommodating for activities, such as agriculture. Among these are places with too much or too little available water, places with exceedingly hot or cold temperatures, and places that have too steep of slopes to plant crops.

Regions which were once inconceivable for settlement have become part of the Ecumene.

Dubai – a metropolis in the desert; temps regularly reach 110* f.

Las Vegas – an impossible city without the Hoover Dam LAKE MEAD HOOVER DAM

MEASURING POP’N DENSITY There are THREE primary ways geographers measure population density.

Population Density Arithmetic Density Density of people in a given area Equation: Divide the total population by the total land area Physiological Density Number of people supported by a unit area of arable land Equation: Divide the total population by total arable land area Agricultural Density Ratio of the number of farmers to amount of arable land Equation: Divide # of farmers by total arable land area Physiological density provides insights into the relation between the size of a population and the availability of resources in a region. Developed countries have lower agricultural densities, because technology and finance allow a few people to farm extensive land areas and feed many people.