High Energy and Very High Energy astronomy

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Presentation transcript:

High Energy and Very High Energy astronomy J-F. Glicenstein IRFU/SPP, CEA-Saclay

High and Very High Energy Astronomy Outline present and future high energy instruments present and future very high energy instruments physics with HE and VHE g ray detectors cosmic ray acceleration fundamental tests dark matter indirect searches cosmology P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy Astronomy

High Energy g ray astronomy: present collaboration to Fermi-LAT international team,> 400 scientists satellite-based CsI(Tl) calorimeter 30 MeV < E < 300 GeV major competitor: AGILE launched 08/2008 Fermi-LAT @ Paris-Saclay: LLR: 5 physicists (IRFU: 4 physicists) Wednesday, June 27th 2012 High and Very High Energy Astronomy

HE gamma ray astronomy: catalog of sources 2FGL catalogue published in 2012 1873 sources, mostly pulsars/PWN/SNR (~100), AGNs (~1000) 575 unidentified sources P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy Astronomy

Designing and testing the LAT calorimeter IRFU/LLR collaboration on the design and tests of the LAT calorimeter (“environmental tests”, response). (NIMA, 2004) P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy Astronomy

HE g ray astronomy: after Fermi-LAT HARPO project High pressure TPC High angular resolution+ polarimetry 1 MeV < E < 1GeV validation with polarized photons (SPring8, Japan) LLR/IRFU collaboration P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy Astronomy

VHE g ray astronomy: present participation to H.E.S.S international team, ~ 130 members 4+1 IACT (Cherenkov) array in Namibia 50 GeV < E < 50 TeV major competitors: MAGIC, VERITAS data taking started 2003 HESSS @ Paris-Saclay: LLR: 10 physicists/engineers IRFU: 9 physicists/engineers Wednesday, June 27th 2012 High and Very High Energy Astronomy

VHE gamma-ray astronomy: catalog of sources The VHE gamma-ray sky (November 2011) http://www.mppmu.mpg.de/~rwagner/sources/ ~100 sources (60 galactic) P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy gamma ray astronomy

Study of the 2FGL unidentified sources 2FGL unidentified sources list could be searched as dark matter clump candidates or “dark accelerators” H.E.S.S.2 can provide a very large exposure on these sources and could help associating them to known objects Opportunity of a Fermi (LLR)/HESS (IRFU) collaboration Proposal submitted to P2IO: “Unidentified high energy Fermi sources and HESS2: dark matter or dark accelerator?” P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy Astronomy

Technical activities on HESS2 mechanical design of the HESS/HESS2 camera by the LLR contribution of the IRFU to the FE electronics of the camera (SAM chip) IRFU/LLR collaboration of the Level2 trigger board Front of the HESS2 camera Level 2 trigger board of HESS2 P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy Astronomy

The next generation of IACTs: CTA (2015) 2 arrays: north+south  all-sky coverage core array 100 GeV-10 TeV 23 ø=12 m telescopes low energy section Ethresh ~ 10 GeV 4 ø=23 m telescopes high energy section 32 ø=5-6 m tel. on 10 km2 area P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy gamma ray astronomy

High and Very High Energy gamma ray astronomy Sensitivity of CTA energy range increase x 10 flux sensitivity gain Flux sensitivity for a 50 h observation P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy gamma ray astronomy

Cherenkov Telescope Array NECTAr module (IRFU/LPNHE/LUPM/Barcelona) Very large international project (> 1000 members,27 countries) Large french involvement (~ 35 FTE) CTA@Paris-Saclay: IRFU: ~20 physicists/engineers LLR:~10 physicists/engineers Technical involvement: -IRFU: NECTAr project (camera modules) mirrors, MST telescope design, site.. -LLR: MST camera,.. -IRFU/LLR collaboration on the NECTArCam camera project NECTArCam camera P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy Astronomy

Physics with the HE/VHE photons Cosmic ray acceleration Black holes « Symétries dans le monde subatomique » Lorentz invariance « Composants sombres de l'Univers » Indirect searches for dark matter Searches for exotic particles and objects (axions, primordial black holes) Cosmology: compact objects, gravitational lenses.. extragalactic background light P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy Astronomy

Understanding the origin of UHE cosmic rays Excess UHE cosmic rays seen around Cen A radiogalaxy by AUGER possible source: lobes of Cen A multiwavelength observation with HESS, Fermi Exemple of a possible collaboration between AUGER (IPN), HESS and Fermi (LLR,IRFU) Auger Fermi P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy Astronomy

Tests of Lorentz invariance Tests of the energy dependence of the photon velocity (expected in some quantum gravity theories) Parametrization: (with M1,2 ~ Mplanck ) One expects an energy dependent arrival time of photons (simultaneous emission asumed). Sensitivity to M1 (M2): AGN with Cerenkov telescopes, z~0.1, D t ~ 1mn, E~1 TeV, M1~1018 GeV GRB with Fermi, z ~ 1, D t ~ 1s, E~30 GeV, M1~1019 GeV P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy Astronomy

Lorentz invariance tests in practice AGN PKS 2155-304 (HESS) M1 > 2.1 1018 GeV Observation of GRB (Fermi), M1 > 1.4 1019 GeV Wednesday, June 27th 2012 High and Very High Energy Astronomy

Indirect DM searches with IACTs WIMP annihilation flux into g rays observed by an IACT: particle model fAP: dark halo model Most current particle models: neutralinos (MSSM) U Extra Dimensions (Servant, Tait 2003) boson B leptophilic models (PAMELA excess) decaying dark matter Astrophysical factor:  dense targets Galactic Center nearby dwarf galaxies, globular clusters galaxy clusters (Fornax) dark matter clumps P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy gamma ray astronomy

H.E.S.S. results on Fornax cluster: WIMPs exclusion A. Abramovski et al. (HESS collaboration), ApJ 2012 P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy gamma ray astronomy

H.E.S.S. results on Fornax cluster with boosts Excluded 95% CL P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy gamma ray astronomy

Expected <sv> limits with clumps and CTA (1/4 sky) 1/4 survey in ~ 370 hours assume 5 10-13 cm-2s-1 sensitivity (5 hour/bin) number of subhalos: 3907±324 thermal WIMPs region reachable P.Brun, E.Moulin,J.Diemand, J-F.G, PRD 83, 015003 (2011) P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy gamma ray astronomy

Cosmic signatures of axion-like particles Cosmic magnetic fields affect the propagation of high energy photons if coupled to hypothetic axions. Signature of axion-photon coupling: “rugged” spectra (Wouters and Brun 2012) might provide a hint or a constraint on axions if the cosmic magnetic field is modeled properly. P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy Astronomy

Cosmology with gravitational lensing Hubble constant from macrolensing time delays First gravitational lens system (PKS1830) seen with Fermi-LAT (A.Barnacka et al, ApJ 2011) improvement of time delay due to the large time coverage of Fermi improvement in measurement of H0 from lenses. Density of very low mass compact objects (PBHs) from femtolensing (A.Barnacka et al, 2012, PRD sub. ) large number of GRB detected by Fermi-GBM improved spectral reconstruction Excluded 95% CL Simulated femtolensed GRB density of compact objects P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy Astronomy

Cosmology: Extragalactic background light P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy Astronomy

High and Very High Energy Astronomy The EBL “crisis” Upper limits from TeV blazars predictions Meyer et al (2012) predictions from IR light close to UL from TEV blazars  Universe seems more transparent to TeV g than previously thought “conventional” explanation: population evolution in galaxies other more exotic explanation: Lorentz invariance violation, axions-g oscillation P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy Astronomy

Conclusion and outlook Labs from the Paris-Saclay campus, mostly IRFU and LLR have been involved in HE/VHE astronomy for 25 years, successfully collaborating in projects such as Fermi-LAT, HESS and CTA. The main physics goals are the study of cosmic ray acceleration and black holes. Some physics goals of HE/VHE astronomy are contained in 2 of the scientific themes of P2IO: fundamental tests (Lorentz invariance) dark components of the Universe (Dark Matter, axions, cosmology) Strong collaborations can be easily reinforced between IRFU and LLR with subjects such as the study of unidentified objects from HE catalogs Collaborations with other teams from the Paris-Saclay campus could be developed on themes such as the study of UHE cosmic rays. P2IO scientific council High and Very High Energy Astronomy