1995-2005 > 28 million hectares Most threatened on planet. Today just under half of Indonesia is forested, representing a significant decline in its original forest cover. Between 1990 and 2005 the country lost more than 28 million hectares of forest, including 21.7 hectares of virgin forest. Its loss of biologically rich primary forest was second only to Brazil during that period, and since the close of the 1990s, deforestation rates of primary forest cover have climbed 26 percent. Today Indonesia's forests are some of the most threatened on the planet. 1960s when 82 percent of the country was covered with forest, to 68 percent in 1982, to 53 percent in 1995, and 49 percent today. Much of this remaining cover consists of logged-over and degraded forest.

tropical timber US$5 billion 48 million hectares 75%-illegal- poverty Logging for tropical timbers and pulpwood is the best-known cause of forest loss and degradation in the country. Indonesia is the world's largest exporter of tropical timber, generating upwards of US$5 billion annually, and more than 48 million hectares (55 percent of the country's remaining forests) are concessioned for logging. Legal timber harvesting affects 700,000-850,000 hectares of forest per year in Indonesia, but widespread illegal logging boosts the overall logged area to at least 1.2-1.4 million hectares and possibly much higher—in 2004, Environment Minister Nabiel Makarim said that 75 percent of logging in Indonesia is illegal "Chopping down trees like this hardwood Meranti, I can earn $60 a week," he said. "Much more than the rubber plantation where I used to work where the money wasn't enough to feed my family."Local angerWe went back to Kamarudin's village in the middle of the forest — a desperately poor area.More and more villagers have been turning to illegal logging over the last five years since the Asian economic crisis hit Indonesia.

Special authorization. Replacement of natural forest. Palm Oil plantation. Special authorization. Replacement of natural forest. Over the past few years, extensive areas of forest have been converted for oil-palm plantations. Indonesia's oil-palm plantations grew from 600,000 hectares in 1985 to more than 4 million hectares by early 2006 when the government announced a plan to develop 3 million additional hectares of oil-palm plantations by 2011. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is an attractive plantation crop because it is the cheapest vegetable oil and produces more oil per hectare than any other oilseed. In the current environment of high energy prices, palm oil is seen as a good way to meet increasing demand for biofuel as an alternative energy source. oil-palm plantations often replace natural forests.

Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper company Concession-3,000sq km Two million tons Work with illegal wood. Chopping down more rain forest. It is a huge, hi-tech industrial complex housing the world's largest pulp mill. It produces almost two million tons of pulp every year, consuming eight million tons of wood in the process. the mill operates 24-hours a day, with a never-ending convoy of trucks arriving at the factory to supply the wood. two million tons of pulp every year, consuming eight million tons of wood in the process. Back in 1993 the government gave RAAP a concession of around 3,000 sq km which it could log and then re-plant with acacia trees.Part of this concession lies within the Tesso Nilo forest itself.No guaranteesA spokesman for the company told the BBC the forest it was given to convert to acacia plantations was already degraded — in other words had already been substantially logged.But WWF says this is wrong, "RAPP is chopping down primary rain-forest," said Mr Foead.The company is trying to promote itself as environment-friendly because it says within six years it will have planted enough acacia trees to provide a sustainable source of wood for the pulp mill.Ironically it can only do this by first destroying swathes of Sumatran rain-forest.

Most extensive rainforest in Asia 3,305 Endemic: 31.1% Threaten: 9.9% Indonesia houses the most extensive rainforest cover in all of Asia, though it is rapidly developing these lands to accommodate its increasing population and growing economy. regions, and support tremendous diversity and endemism of species. Of the country's 3,305 known species of amphibians, birds, mammals, and reptiles, 31.1 percent are endemic and 9.9 percent are threatened. Indonesia is home to at least 29,375 species of vascular plants, of which 59.6 percent are endemic.

The Red List of Threatened Species for 2007 20 years The Red List of Threatened Species for 2007 Smallest fish(Paedocypris) Gorillas, Orangutans, corals-most affected. They warn that rain forests in countries such as Indonesia and Brazil could disappear within 20 years. Widespread forest destruction, drainage of the peat swamps for palm oil plantations and persistent fires are destroying their habitat. 7.9 mm One in three amphibians, one in four mammals, one in eight birds and 70% of plants so far assessed are believed to be at risk of extinction, with human alteration of their habitat the single biggest cause. forest clearance has allowed hunters access to previously inaccessible areas; a

total of $5 billion REDD negociation of pledges-total of $5 billion for REDD’s (reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation) initiative the Indonesian government is creating other economic activities so as to replace deforestation as a source of progress for low-income communities carbon offset project was the only hope for protecting the hundreds of injured and orphaned orangutans living at her Orangutan Foundation International (OFI) Rehabilitation Center fighting illegal logging in Indonesia by giving communities a stake in forest management