Grouping organisms in a logical order

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Presentation transcript:

Grouping organisms in a logical order Classification Grouping organisms in a logical order

Taxonomy Organisms have a universally accepted name. Using this scientific name ensures that you have the correct organism (ex. Grass) Scientific names are given in the Genus species format called binomial nomenclature

Carolus Linnaeus and Classification Grouping organisms to reflect their anatomical similarities. All living things were originally divided into two groups; plants and animals. His system is currently in use today, but with many changes. 1707-1778

Modern Classification System All living things can be divided into three domains These domains are based upon the similarities of their RNA. It is thought that these similarities represent evolutionary relationships.

Relationships based upon SSU rRNA Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

These are the “true” bacteria. DOMAIN: Bacteria

Characteristics of DOMAIN: Bacteria Single celled organisms that lack a nucleus. Rigid cell walls containing peptidoglycan Reproduce asexually or by conjugation Can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic Very diverse

Many live in extreme environments. DOMAIN: Archae Many live in extreme environments.

Characteristics of DOMAIN: Archaea Single celled organisms that do not have a nucleus. Rigid cell walls lacking peptidoglycan Reproduce asexually or by conjugation Live in extreme environmental conditions. Differ from Eubacteria in their ribosomal RNA, their sensitivity to antibiotics, and in the many other organic chemicals that they produce.

DOMAIN: Eukarya

Characteristics of DOMAIN: Eukaryotes Have a nucleus or come from a cell that has a nucleus. Hereditary information is in the form of chromosomes. Protista, Fungi, Plants and Animals all belong to the Domain Eukaryotes

The Domain Eukaryote can be divided into Kingdoms Animalia Fungi Plantae Protista

KINGDOM: Plantae

Characteristics of Plantae Multicellular Photosynthetic and have chloroplast The cell walls of all plants are made of cellulose Most plants live on land.

KINGDOM: Animalia

Characteristics of Animals Are multicellular Do not have cell walls Are heterotrophic with internal digestion Reproduce sexually Can move about in their environment

KINGDOM: Fungi

Characteristics of Fungi Unicellular or Multicellular Cell walls contain chitin Sessile (they do not move) Life cycle includes both sexual and asexual reproduction. Hetertrophic with external digestion by use of enzymes

KINGDOM: Protista

Characteristics of Protista All the remaining eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungi. Most are unicellular, but several are multicellular organisms Autotrophs or heterotrophs (Protists that are photosynthetic are called algae) It is believed that with new knowledge this kingdom will be divided into several new kingdoms.

Linnaeus’ Hierarchical system of Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species animalia chordata mammalia primates hominidae homo sapiens

genus species identifier Homo sapiens sapiens subspecies

Bibliography Campbell, Neil, Lawrence Mitchell and Jane Reece. Biology Concepts and Connections. Austin Wesley Longman Inc. 2000. Maddison, David R. The Tree of Life A Web Project. March 3, 2004. http://tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html Towle, Robert. Modern Biology. Holt, Reinhart and Winston: Austin. 1999.