INTRODUCTION TO REGIONAL ANATOMY Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D. 19. November 2013 Tuesday

topographical anatomy organization of the human body as major parts or segments Head Neck Trunk thorax, abdomen, back, & pelvis/perineum Upper limbs & lower limbs Anterior aspect of the leg

Cavities in the body Dorsal body cavity

Cavities in the body Ventral body cavity

Cavities in the body

reGIONS in the body Head & neck Upper limb Thorax Abdomen Back Pelvis & Perineum Lower limb

HEAD Neurocranium Skeleton of the face

NECK joins the head to the trunk and limbs transitional area between the head and the trunk joins the head to the trunk and limbs major conduit for structures passing between them. several important organs with unique functions located here

shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand UPPER LIMB shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand Shoulder area of upper limb attachment to trunk Arm between shoulder & elbow joint Forearm between elbow joint & wrist joint Hand distal to the wrist joint

proximal segment of the limb UPPER LIMB SHOULDER proximal segment of the limb overlaps parts of the trunk (thorax and back) and lower lateral neck

AXILLA UPPER LIMB irregularly shaped pyramidal space area of transition between the neck and the arm irregularly shaped pyramidal space

Arm Forearm UPPER LIMB first segment of the free upper limb between shoulder & elbow 1 bone Forearm second longest segment of the limb between elbow & wrist (L. carpus) 2 bones

part of the upper limb distal to the forearm Hand L. manus part of the upper limb distal to the forearm Wrist Palm Dorsum of hand Digits (fingers)

THORAX between the neck and abdomen .

THORAcIC SKELETON forms the osteocartilaginous thoracic cage protects the thoracic viscera and some abdominal organs. 12 pairs of ribs & associated costal cartilages 12 thoracic vertebrae & intervertebral discs Sternum

ABDOMEN between thorax & pelvis (pelvic inlet) organs of the alimentary system and part of the urogenital system Containment of the abdominal organs and their contents provided by musculoaponeurotic walls anterolaterally, diaphragm superiorly, muscles of the pelvis inferiorly

posterior aspect of the body BACK posterior aspect of the body provides the musculoskeletal axis of support for the trunk. Bony elements mainly vertebrae + proximal elements of the ribs + superior aspects of the pelvic bones + posterior basal regions of the skull

spinal cord and proximal parts of the spinal nerves BACK spinal cord and proximal parts of the spinal nerves send and receive information to and from most of the body.

PELVIS from the pelvic inlet to the pelvic diaphragm part of the trunk inferoposterior to abdomen area of transition between trunk & lower limbs pelvic cavity inferiormost part of the abdominopelvic cavity PERINEUM between the sex organs and the anus

SKELETON OF THE PELVIS Right hip bone Left hip bone (coxal bones; pelvic bones) Sacrum Coccyx (tailbone)

LOWER LIMB Gluteal region Thigh Knee Leg Ankle Foot between the iliac crest and the fold of skin (gluteal fold) Thigh Knee Leg Ankle Foot

transitional region between the trunk and free lower limbs GLUTEAL REGION transitional region between the trunk and free lower limbs

between gluteal, abdominal, and perineal regions proximally LOWER LIMB FEMORAL REGION-THIGH between gluteal, abdominal, and perineal regions proximally knee region distally 1 bone

KNEE REGION LOWER LIMB posterior region of the knee (L. poples) transitional area between the thigh and the leg posterior region of the knee (L. poples) popliteal fossa

LOWER LIMB Leg region Ankle region Foot between knee joint & ankle joint 2 bones Ankle region (L. tarsus) talocrural region (L. regio talocruralis) Foot (L. pes) or foot region (L. regio pedis) distal part of the lower limb

Axilla Popliteal fossa (5)