Role of Immune Cells and Immune-Based Therapies in Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Lei Zheng, Jing Xue, Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Aida Habtezion Gastroenterology Volume 144, Issue 6, Pages 1230-1240 (May 2013) DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.12.042 Copyright © 2013 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions
Figure 1 Immune cell involvement in PDA, AP, and CP. Recurrent and continued pancreatic injury can lead to CP, which can progress to PDA, although most PDA likely arises independent of pancreatitis. CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; LPS, Lipopolysaccharide; NK, natural killer cells; PDGF, platelet derived growth factor; ROS, reactive oxygen species. Gastroenterology 2013 144, 1230-1240DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2012.12.042) Copyright © 2013 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions
Figure 2 Immune cell infiltrates during pancreatic tumor progression. Infiltration by immune cells with immunosuppressive activities allows for an environment that fosters tumor growth and progression. Sequential acquisition of mutations in proto-oncogene K-RAS and the tumor suppressors INK4A, TP53, DPC4, BRCA2, and overexpression of cyclin D1 and mesothelin lead to pancreatic tumor progression. Teff, effector T cells. Gastroenterology 2013 144, 1230-1240DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2012.12.042) Copyright © 2013 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions
Gastroenterology 2013 144, 1230-1240DOI: (10. 1053/j. gastro. 2012. 12 Copyright © 2013 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions
Gastroenterology 2013 144, 1230-1240DOI: (10. 1053/j. gastro. 2012. 12 Copyright © 2013 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions
Gastroenterology 2013 144, 1230-1240DOI: (10. 1053/j. gastro. 2012. 12 Copyright © 2013 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions
Gastroenterology 2013 144, 1230-1240DOI: (10. 1053/j. gastro. 2012. 12 Copyright © 2013 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions