The effects of pulse‐delivered inhaled nitric oxide on arterial oxygenation, ventilation‐perfusion distribution and plasma endothelin‐1 concentration.

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The effects of pulse‐delivered inhaled nitric oxide on arterial oxygenation, ventilation‐perfusion distribution and plasma endothelin‐1 concentration in laterally recumbent isoflurane‐anaesthetized horses Tamara Grubb, Jan HM Frendin, Anna Edner, Pia Funkquist, Göran Hedenstierna, Görel Nyman Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia Volume 40, Issue 6, Pages e19-e30 (November 2013) DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12037 Copyright © 2013 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Select respiratory data from isoflurane‐anaesthetized horses with (PiNO) and without (C) pulse delivered iNO. Data are presented as mean ± SD. See text for abbreviation. * = significant difference between groups. + = significant difference from baseline (45 minutes). Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2013 40, e19-e30DOI: (10.1111/vaa.12037) Copyright © 2013 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Q ˙ s/ Q ˙ t in horses anaesthetized with (PiNO) and without (C) pulse delivered iNO. Data are presented as mean ± SD. * = significant difference between groups + = significant difference from baseline (45 minutes). Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2013 40, e19-e30DOI: (10.1111/vaa.12037) Copyright © 2013 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Ventilation‐perfusion distribution in three horses (Study 2). The ventilation‐perfusion distribution ( V ˙ A/ Q ˙ ) presented as a log scale and the ventilation and perfusion in L minute−1 as open and closed circles, respectively. Development of a large right to left vascular shunt ( V ˙ A/ Q ˙ = 0) and an increased distribution of ventilation‐perfusion were evident during isoflurane anaesthesia (Base line, left panels). Pulsed inhalation of nitric oxide (PiNO) during the first 30% or 60% of the breath are presented as PiNO30% (middle panels) and PiNO60% (right panels). PiNO30% resulted in a clear reduction of the shunt but no further improvement occurred at PiNO60%. See Table 1 for corresponding data. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2013 40, e19-e30DOI: (10.1111/vaa.12037) Copyright © 2013 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Terms and Conditions