THE VEINS OF THE BODY Dr. Nabil Khouri

Systemic Circulation: 1. superior vena cava drains a. azygos system b. right and left brachiocephalic veins c. internal jugular and subclavian vein d. external jugular and axillary e. cephalic vein (superficial) and brachial vein (deep) which drains radial, ulnar, median cubital and basilic veins

Cranial Circulation: cranial venous sinuses

Dural sinuses Cavernous sinuses Drain the veins of the brain Dangerous if trauma Come together as sigmoid sinus – becomes Internal Jugular vein Exits skull through jugular foramen

Internal jugular veins Drain most of blood from brain Run lateral to internal then common carotid At base of neck joins subclavian v. to form brachiocephalic v. External jugulars – drain some of scalp & face

Azygos system drains the thorax : Note that unlike the arteries, the veins have a brachiocephalic on the right and left sides

Deep veins of upper limbs follow arteries, most of them double to one artery Superficial veins: see pic Blood drawn from median cubital vein in antecubital fossa

Antecubital Fossa Form anastomese frequently Median cubital vein is used to obtain blood or administer IV fluids

Systemic Veins 3 major vessels enter Right Atrium: SVC (superior vena cava) IVC (inferior vena cava) Coronary sinus Many veins are very superficial (unlike arteries) Venous plexuses (networks of anastomoses and parallel veins) are very common Head and hepatic portal systems are unusual

Inferior vena cava drains. a. hepatic vein. b. phrenic vein. c Inferior vena cava drains a. hepatic vein b. phrenic vein c. paired renal veins d. paired gonadal veins

Body wall veins parallel the arteries.

Veins Of The Right Lower Limb And Pelvis Popliteal vein Common iliac vein Fibular (peroneal) vein Anterior tibial vein Dorsalis pedis vein Dorsal venous arch Metatarsal veins Internal iliac vein External iliac vein Inguinal ligament Femoral vein Great saphenous vein (superficial) Great saphenous vein Small saphenous vein (superficial) Posterior tibial vein Plantar veins Plantar arch Digital veins (a)

Leg veins Names similar to arteries Femoral becomes external iliac after crossing under inguinal ligament External iliac joins with internal iliac to form common iliac vein _________used for grafting in coronary artery bypass grafts: is the longest vein in the body

Paired common iliac veins which drain. (1) paired internal iliac veins Paired common iliac veins which drain (1) paired internal iliac veins (2) paired external iliac veins which drain (a) femoral veins which drain 1. popliteal veins which drain a. Peroneal vein b. Anterior and posterior tibial veins (b) great saphenous veins

Superior mesenteric and splenic veins join to form hepatic portal vein, which goes up into liver Inferior mesenteric empties into the splenic vein Kind of confusing… * *

Tributaries of hepatic portal vein: -superior mesenteric vein -splenic vein -inferior mesenteric vein Hepatic portal system Picks up digested nutrients from stomach & intestines and delivers them to liver for processing and storage Storage of nutrients Detoxification of toxins, drugs, etc. Two capillary beds Route: artery to capillaries of gut to hepatic portal vein to liver’s capillaries to hepatic vein to IVC

Fetal Circulation The one umbilical vein brings blood which has been to the placenta for oxygenation (by gas diffusion from mom’s blood) The pair of umbilical arteries (branches from baby’s internal iliac arteries) carry blood to placenta to pick up oxygen and nutrients Fetal heart starts beating at 21 days post conception