Unit 2: Factors that Led to Exploration Lesson 2.4: Immigration and Urbanization

Concept of Expansion Manifest Destiny - Westward Expansion Expansion leads to Imperialism (1898). A growing population (immigration) in the early 1900s.

Essential Question How has immigration in the late 19th century impacted modern America?

Activation Brain storm with a partner to create a list of contributions to the development of our nation from various ethnic groups.

What do you think “nativism” is? Key Vocabulary Nativism What do you think “nativism” is? Definition. Examples/Impact. Create a test question.

Immigration

Setting the Stage In the late 19th century, a major wave of immigration began. Most immigrants settled in cities, where distinctive neighborhoods emerged. Some Americans, however, feared that new immigrants would not adapt to American culture or might be harmful to American society.

Europeans Flood in to America WASP (White, Anglo-Saxon, Protestant) = Old Immigrants v. New Immigrants. In the late 1800’s, a major wave of immigration began. More than half of all immigrants were from Eastern and Southern Europe. Reasons for immigration: Jobs Avoiding military service Religious persecution Push v. pull factors

Push v. Pull Factors Push Pull

The Atlantic Voyage Most immigrants who came to the United States booked passage in steerage. This was the cheapest form of transportation.

Ellis Island After about two weeks, they would arrive at Ellis Island. In order to enter the country, they would have to pass a medical exam. Most would pass through in about a day.

Ethnic Cities Many immigrants settled in cities. They often lived in neighborhoods separated in to ethnic groups. Here they: spoke their native languages, worshipped in familiar surroundings, and publish ethnic newspapers. Those that could learn English quickly and adapt to American culture generally adjusted well.

Asian Immigration Chinese immigrants came to escape poverty, famine, and find jobs. In the 1860s, demand for workers on the Transcontinental Railroad increased immigration. Chinese immigrants settled in cities on the west coast. Japanese immigration increase from 1900- 1910 due to problems caused by Japanese industrialization.

At first, Asian immigrants arrived at a two story shed at the wharf in San Francisco. By 1910, California opened a barracks on Angel Island for Asian immigrants. They were often kept on the island for months waiting to be processed.

Assessment Prompt 1 European Asian

Nativism Resurges Increased immigration led to increased feelings of nativism, or the extreme dislike of immigrants. Hatred was directed toward Asians, Jews, and Eastern Europeans.

Prejudice Against Catholics Some Americans feared the large number of immigrants who were Catholic. Members of the American Protective Association would not hire or vote for Catholics.

Restrictions Against Asian Immigration Anti-immigrant feelings led Congress to pass new laws in 1882. One banned convicts, paupers, and the mentally disabled from migrating. The Chinese Exclusion Act barred Chinese immigration for 10 years and prevented citizenship. Congress made the law permanent in 1902. It was repealed in 1943.

Assessment Prompt 2 Answer each question in your notebook. What is nativism? How did nativism impact legislation?

Part 2: Essential Question How has urbanization impacted modern America?

What do you think “urbanization” is? Key vocabulary Urbanization What do you think “urbanization” is? Definition Examples/impact. Create a test question.

Urbanization Native born Americans and immigrants were drawn to cities by the jobs available in America’s growing industries. The new, modern cities had skyscrapers, public transportation systems, and neighborhoods divided by social class.

Separation by Class Industrialization benefited the rich and middle class. The working class suffered and spent their lives in crowded tenements.

Urban Problems Jacob Riis documented slum life in his book How the Other Half Lives. Overcrowding, disease, and pollution triggered epidemics of cholera and typhoid fever. High crime rates.

Machine Politics Political machines came about because cities grew faster than government. New cities dwellers needed jobs, housing, food, heat, and protection. In exchange for votes, political machines & the party bosses provided these things. Political machines often grew through fraud, or graft. Tammany Hall: the most notorious organization, was run by party boss William “Boss” Tweed. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZiTPM-D7Cwc

Machine Politics Pro Con

Assessment Prompt 3: Machine Politics Cause Effect

The Immigrant Experience Project http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/immigration/tour/st op1.htm Due Monday, February 27.

Activity ATSU-Cities Complete the accompanying worksheet.

Journal Answer the EQs. Consider the following: Why did immigrants come to the US? How were European immigrants treated differently? What is nativism? Why were Catholics targeted by nativist groups? What were some of the problems created by urbanization? How did political machines respond to the needs of the people? In what ways were political machines corrupt?