SURVIVING PROPAGATION

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Presentation transcript:

SURVIVING PROPAGATION 2017-18 Understand band condition information Use a propagation gadget & beacons Try digital modes now! By: Dick By: Dick Morgan K6RAH Copyright 2017. The Richardson Wireless Klub, Inc. and Richard Morgan K6RAH.

Radio Signal Confusion? Yes! Like predicting the weather…only much harder! Whole branch of astroscience – complex & still evolving Space weather conditions affect all hams Low Solar Cycle…..everybody…Boo-Hiss! Low solar flux & sunspot numbers…Boo-Hiss! Seasonal variations affect frequencies differently Blackouts Solar storms Geomagnetic storms Copyright 2017. The Richardson Wireless Klub, Inc. and Richard Morgan K6RAH.

What’s To Know? Solar activity goes in 10 to 11 year “cycles” Now slipping down Solar Cycle 24 thru 2017+ Boo-Hiss! Cycle 19 was an historic era for ham radio 1954-1964 Copyright 2017. The Richardson Wireless Klub, Inc. and Richard Morgan K6RAH.

What’s To Know? Many factors affect electromagnetic radio waves Sun causes most factors (ultraviolet radiation) The factors affect 4 Ionospheric layers above Earth Some things happen simultaneously – good & bad Solar flares, sunspots, solar winds, X-rays and…Coronal Mass Ejections…Boo-Hiss! MUF constantly changes Copyright 2017. The Richardson Wireless Klub, Inc. and Richard Morgan K6RAH.

What’s To Know? The Ionosphere Often described in four distinct layers D = closest to Earth 25-55 miles up (daylight hours only) E = 55-90 miles up (mostly daylight only) F1 = 90-150 miles up F2 = 250+ miles up Layers absorb, bend, or pass radio waves Ionospheric conditions affect frequencies differently & Frequencies differ between day and night Copyright 2017. The Richardson Wireless Klub, Inc. and Richard Morgan K6RAH.

Transmission Types Line of sight (VHF & UHF) – Repeaters, Satellites Ground Wave – Lower frequencies Refraction/Skip – Important for HF DX Special Effects –Scatter; Ducting; Sporadic E, NVIS, Earth-Moon-Earth No signal in Tulsa? Copyright 2017. The Richardson Wireless Klub, Inc. and Richard Morgan K6RAH.

Gadgets Provide Easy Summary HF & VHF Conditions by band Maximum usable frequency (MUF) Available free on QRZ.com & K5RWK.org Updated propagation details Sunspot Number - 0-250 (now 35) Boo-Hiss! Solar Flux Index – 62.5-300 (now 70) Boo-Hiss! Copyright 2017. The Richardson Wireless Klub, Inc. and Richard Morgan K6RAH.

SFI = Solar Flux Index Solar radiation @10.7cm (62.5 to 300 scale) Indicates “F layer” ionization level Higher number = more ionization = DX! High numbers = increase in MUF Updated 3 times daily Copyright 2017. The Richardson Wireless Klub, Inc. and Richard Morgan K6RAH.

SN = Sunspot Number Scale is 0 to 250. Updated once daily Loosely correlates to the solar flux index Higher sunspot numbers = better DX 2017 Copyright 2017. The Richardson Wireless Klub, Inc. and Richard Morgan K6RAH.

K = Planetary K Index Scale is 0 to 9. Updated 8X daily Measures geomagnetic activity Lower number = usually better DX (below 5) Copyright 2017. The Richardson Wireless Klub, Inc. and Richard Morgan K6RAH.

Meaning for Us Hams? One measure does not tell the story! Elements sometime work together, other times oppose each other. Listening is key! The Solar Gadget provides facts, then interprets likely overall result on HF band conditions. MUF, magnetic field, and basic noise level also very helpful. Watch MUF increase as ionosphere becomes more & more active! Gadget is on the QRZ.com & K5RWK home page. Website is http://www.hamqsl.com/solar.html Copyright 2017. The Richardson Wireless Klub, Inc. and Richard Morgan K6RAH.

HF Propagation Beacons Is this band “dead” today? Nobody transmitting? Radio beacons (18 around the world) transmit CW signals. Monitor to determine current band conditions. Beacon frequencies: 14.100, 18.110, 21.150, 24.930, 28.200 MHz. Sequenced from 100 W down to 0.1 W. Check www.ncdxf.org/beacon.htm for details. W6NEK Beacon Tracker @ www.w6nek.com (free tracker) Copyright 2017. The Richardson Wireless Klub, Inc. and Richard Morgan K6RAH.

HF Reverse Beacons Determine who is receiving your signal with: www.reversebeacon.net Send CW CQ and call sign Search by your call to see which beacons received you. Compare signal reports from reverse beacons (dB). Determine your antenna directionality Determine your amplifier effectiveness. Copyright 2017. The Richardson Wireless Klub, Inc. and Richard Morgan K6RAH.

https://pskreporter.info/pskmap.html Copyright 2017. The Richardson Wireless Klub, Inc. and Richard Morgan K6RAH.

Try HF Digital Modes PSK31, JT65, JT9 - Low power, narrow bandwidth Very active modes (poor HF propagation) - Boo-Hiss! Use a TNC/sound card, PC, existing rig Free software - for digital modes Keyboard (PSK) or mouse clicks (JT) CW still a great option! Digital ‘punch’ Copyright 2017. The Richardson Wireless Klub, Inc. and Richard Morgan K6RAH.

Bandwidth Punch Comparison Bandwidth % *Watt = SSB = 2,500 Hz 100% 50 W RTTY = 300 – 1,000 Hz 12% 417 W JT65A = 178 HZ w/EC 7% 714 W CW = 100 - 500 Hz 4% 1,250 W PSK31 = 50 - 70 Hz 2% 2,500 W JT9 = 16 Hz w/EC 0.6% 8,333 W *Equivalent punch power/Hz based on 50 Watts PEP Copyright 2017. The Richardson Wireless Klub, Inc. and Richard Morgan K6RAH.

Thank you for your Boos and Hisses! Copyright 2017. The Richardson Wireless Klub, Inc. and Richard Morgan K6RAH.