Urban Patterns

Urban Models Europe

Applying the models outside North America European cities In past, social segregation was vertical Poor in basements/attics Today (focus on Paris as example): Wealthy live in inner city (different than US) follow sector radiating from center (following historically wealth areas / sometimes new developments) downtown preserved for tourism, historic reasons less likely to have skyscrapers / taller and newer buildings to the side retain character (narrow lanes, Beaux Arts buildings, etc.) Some boulevards built in the 1800s Retain these areas as walkable / close off to cars

Income Distribution in the Paris Region

European Cities

Applying the models outside North America European cities In past, social segregation was vertical Poor in basements/attics Today (focus on Paris as example): Wealthy live in inner city (different than US) follow sector radiating from center (like Hoyt model) downtown preserved for tourism, historic reasons retain character (narrow lanes, Beaux Arts buildings, etc.) Some boulevards built in the 1800s Poor, minorities, largely former colonials, high % Muslim but not all clustered on outskirts (high-rise apts. = “projects”) so they don’t “scare” tourists leads to “ghettoization”

Public Housing in Paris

Paris Gentrification

European Cities

Applying the models outside North America European cities In past, social segregation was vertical Poor in basements/attics Today (focus on Paris as example): Wealthy live in inner city (different than US) follow sector radiating from center (downtown preserved for tourism, historic reasons retain character (narrow lanes, Beaux Arts buildings, etc.) Some boulevards built in the 1800s Poor, minorities, largely former colonials, high % Muslim but not all clustered on outskirts (high-rise apts. = “projects”) FRANCE so they don’t “scare” tourists leads to “ghettoization” Zoning policies/greenbelts avoid urban sprawl UK

Urban Sprawl (Greenbelts designed to limit in the UK)

Urban Models in LDCs

Griffin-Ford Latin American Cities wealthy push from center in an elite residential sector “spine” develops to service needs of wealthy Often along boulevard Griffin-Ford Latin American Cities

The Spine

The Spine

Griffin-Ford Latin American Cities wealthy push from center in an elite residential sector “spine” develops to service needs of wealthy Often along boulevard Zone of maturity Middle-class, well-kept Zone of in situ accretion Lower working class Moving up or down Squatter settlements Outside highway ring perifico ciudades perdades, favelas “disamenity” Sewer system Steep hillsides = Rio Griffin-Ford Latin American Cities

Squatter settlements

Squatter settlements

Squatter settlements

Islamic cities walled, courtyards, why? climate bazaars (purdah) climate lightly colored to reflect heat, recapture/recycle water bazaars mosques, minarets concentric hierarchy of services

Other non-Western urban models SE Asian Model McGee (1967) Port is focus Periphery, Semi-periphery serving core CBD split into separate clusters Govt. zone Western commercial zone Alien commercial zone global migration flow # dominated by Chinese Larger middle-class on outskirts

Other non-Western urban models Sub-Saharan Africa Fastest growing cities Difficult to model 3 CBDs Old colonial Vertical development

Colonial CBD

Other non-Western urban models Sub-Saharan Africa Fastest growing cities Difficult to model 3 CBDs Old colonial Vertical development Traditional Curbside single story

Traditional CBD

Other non-Western urban models Sub-Saharan Africa Fastest growing cities Difficult to model 3 CBDs Old colonial Vertical development Traditional Curbside single story informal/periodic Open air

Periodic Market

Other non-Western urban models Sub-Saharan Africa Fastest growing cities Difficult to model 3 CBDs Old colonial Vertical development Traditional Curbside single story informal/periodic Open air Encircled by ethnic or mixed neighborhoods, Why? Most African states are multiethnic legacy of superimposed borders Mining and manufacturing sector Squatter settlements rapid urbanization similar to Latin American model