Review for Unit #1 Test

Classical Liberalism vs. 20th Century Liberalism Classical liberalism is basically the belief in LIBERTY LIBERTY means INDEPENDENCE, FREEDOM, The political philosophy of Thomas Jefferson and the signers of the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, the Federalist Papers Classical Liberals believed in economic liberties

Classical Liberalism vs. 20th Century Liberalism 20th century liberals did not believe in economic liberties 20th Century liberals believed that it is not a violation of any FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT to regulate ANYTHING in the ECONOMIC SPHERE For example, gov. can regulate where people work, what wages they work for, when they work, what they can buy, what they can sell, etc.

FDR 1944 State of the Union Address FDR was a 20th Century liberal Called for a second “Bill or Rights” which implied more government action with respect to the economy= bigger government= less economic freedom For example, the right of every family to a decent home

Substantive vs. Procedural Rights Substantive rights are basic human rights possessed by people in an ordered society and includes rights granted by natural law as well as the substantive law. Substantive rights involve a right to the substance of being human (life, liberty, happiness), rather than a right to a procedure to enforce that right. It comes down to negative/positive obligation.

Substantive vs. Procedural Rights WHAT DOES THE WORD OBLIGATION MEAN?

Substantive vs. Procedural Rights SUBSTANTIVE RIGHTS= NEGATIVE OBLIGATION PROCEDURAL RIGHTS= POSITIVE OBLIGATION

Right to Free Speech-Substantive NEGATIVE OBLIGATION Obligation on part of others not to interfere with your speaking . POSITIVE OBLIGATION Obligation to provide you with a platform, microphone, and audience. The right to free speech implies a negative obligation on the part of others not to interfere with your speaking

Right to vote- procedural NEGATIVE POSITIVE Obligation to provide you with a polling place, printed ballot, day to vote. The right to free speech implies a negative obligation on the part of others not to interfere with your speaking

5 Characteristics of Classical Liberalism 1. Limited government- government is kept to a minimum size

5 Characteristics of Classical Liberalism 2. Rule of Law- the principle that all people and institutions are subject to and accountable to law that is fairly applied and enforced

5 Characteristics of Classical Liberalism 3. Avoidance of arbitrary or discretionary power

5 Characteristics of Classical Liberalism 4. Sanctity of private property and freely made contracts

5 Characteristics of Classical Liberalism 5. Personal Responsibility- The idea that humans choose, instigate, or otherwise cause their own actions

What are natural rights? ?????? Vocabulary ………………

Political ideology vs. Political culture Political ideology- a comprehensive set of beliefs about the nature of people and about the role of government. Political culture- the WIDELY SHARED beliefs, values, and norms about how citizens RELATE to government and ONE ANOTHER.

Political Ideology Liberalism- a set of beliefs that includes the advocacy of positive government action to improve the welfare of individuals, support for civil rights, and tolerance for political and social change

Political Ideology Conservatism- A set of beliefs that includes a limit for the national government in helping individuals, support for traditional values and lifestyles, and a cautious response to change.

Political Ideology Libertarianism – a political ideology based on skepticism or opposition towards almost all government activities.

Indirect democracy Citizens elect representative to govern =same thing as a REPUBLIC