Writing Chemical Formulas.

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Presentation transcript:

Writing Chemical Formulas

Chemical Formulas represent compounds.

Oxidation Numbers are used to determine the ratio in which elements combine to form compounds.

Understanding Chemical Formulas Chemical formulas are composed of a positive half and a negative half. Ex. - Water is a compound you know to have a formula of H2O.

The element with the positive oxidation number is always written first. The element with the negative oxidation number is always written second.

H O The total of the oxidation numbers in a compound must equal zero. +1 -2 H O Hydrogen’s oxidation number is +1 and oxygen’s is -2. With one H and one O, the total is not 0, it is -1!!!

Subscripts, small numbers to the lower right of the chemical symbol, represent the number of that element present in the compound. The subscript of 1 is never written in a chemical formula. It is understood since the chemical symbol is there. Add subscripts after a chemical symbol, when needed, to make the oxidation numbers total zero. H2O

How to check if the formula is correct: Multiply subscript by oxidation number for the total oxidation number of each element in a formula. For Hydrogen: (oxidation number +1)(subscript 2) = +2 total For Oxygen: (oxidation number -2)(subscript 1) = -2 total The formula H2O is the correct formula!!!

There MUST be an easier way....and there is!! Ca Cl The easiest way to think of writing chemical formulas is to use the oxidation number (without the + or -) of one element as the subscript of the other element. +2 -1 Ca Cl

Cross over the oxidation numbers without the charges!!! +2 -1 Ca Cl

Ca Cl 2 REMINDER: DO NOT write a subscript of 1. Reduce the subscripts if needed.