Regulation

Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Central Nervous System IT IS THE CONTROL CENTER Peripheral Nervous System Central Nervous System EX: All the nerves in your body that does not include Brain or Spinal cord EX: Brain & Spinal Cord

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) BRAIN SPINAL CORD a) 5 Regions of the Brain b) Each region functions to coordinate life activities a) Protected by vertebral column b) REFLEXES are processed here

Peripheral NS Relays information from the environment (your sensory organs) BRINGS messages from your sensory organs to the Central Nervous System (CNS) Receives commands FROM the Central Nervous System (CNS)

MESSAGE FROM SENSORY ORGANS TO CNS MESSAGE FROM CNS TO MUSCLES/GLANDS Peripheral NS (PNS) Sensory Nervous System Motor Nervous System INGOING OUTGOING MESSAGE FROM SENSORY ORGANS TO CNS MESSAGE FROM CNS TO MUSCLES/GLANDS

Reflexes REFLEX- is a QUICK AUTOMATIC responses to a stimulus EX: blinking FUNCTION of REFLEX: It is protective, and allows the body to respond to danger IMMEDIATELY NO THINKING INVOLVED

A Reflex Arc is how a reflex works

2. Sensory Neuron takes that impulse (message) to an Interneuron 1. A stimulus is sensed by a RECEPTOR 2. Sensory Neuron takes that impulse (message) to an Interneuron 3. The Interneuron (at the spinal cord) 4. The Interneuron sends the impulse to a Motor Neuron 5. Motor Neuron EFFECTOR

RECEPTOR SENSORY NEURON INTERNEURON MOTOR NUERON EFFECTOR (CONNECTOR) MOTOR NUERON EFFECTOR (EX. LEG MUSCLE)

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NEURONS NEURONS- ARE THE FUNCTIONAL UNIT OFTHE NERVOUS SYSTEM It’s how messages are carried

3 Types of Neurons 1) Sensory Neuron 2) Motor Neuron 3) Interneuron

Labeling Neuron Parts Dendrites: CARRY impulses TOWARD the Cell body

AXON: carries impulses AWAY

Myelin Sheath: is lipid on the axon. It makes the impulse “JUMP”

Axon Terminals: the swollen parts of the Axon It carries NEUROTRANSMITTERS

Neurotransmitter Neurotransmitter- is a chemical that is released from the axon terminals Examples of Neurotransmitters are Seratonin or dopamine

Neurotransmitters are released from axon terminals, and transmit the impulse (message) across the Synapse A synapse is where a neuron can transfer an impulse to another neuron

attach to receptors on the next Neurotransmitters are released Steps of an Impulse Axon Axon Terminal Dendrite Neurotransmitters attach to receptors on the next neurons dendrite Neurotransmitters are released across synapse

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Giants - Part 1 - Pituitary Gigantism and Acromegaly - YouTube

Endocrine System Endocrine System: made up of glands that release hormones into the blood Hormones: Chemicals that travel through the bloodstream, and BIND TO SPECIFIC CHEMICAL RECEPTORS

HORMONES HORMONES affect activities of other cells 2 Categories of Hormones: 1) Steroid 2) Non-steroid

Target Cells/Organs Hormones bind to specific chemical receptors called TARGET CELLS/ORGANS Target Cell/Organ- is a cell or organ that has a specific receptor for the specific hormone

Glands Glands produce and release hormones Endocrine Gland Examples: thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, pancreas, and pituitary gland

How are Hormones Monitored Hormones are monitored through a Negative Feedback System Negative Feedback: a system that inhibits (stops) the release of hormone

Negative Feedback EX: The Pancreas secretes 2 hormones, Insulin and Glucagon Insulin picks up Glucose (sugar) in your blood Glucagon releases Glucose into your blood

Increased Uptake of glucose, leads to a decrease in glucose Increase in Insulin because Blood sugar is high Increased Uptake of glucose, leads to a decrease in glucose Pancreas detects increase in Sugar

Glucagon is released to increase glucose in the blood Decreased blood sugar, causes decrease in insulin Pancreas detects a decrease in Glucose

Vocabulary INSULIN: a hormone that the pancreas releases to pick up sugar Glucagon: a hormone the pancreas releases to release stored glucose (glycogen) Glycogen: stored glucose