Without insulin therapy (n = 14)

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Presentation transcript:

Without insulin therapy (n = 14) With insulin therapy (n = 24) Obese (n = 5) n Non-obese (n = 9) P Obese (n = 6) Non-obese (n = 18) Sex (Female/male) 2/3 5 5/4 9 NS* 3/3 6 12/6 18 Familial history of diabetes (y/n) 3/1 4 1/8 NS*(P = 0.0517) 8/9 17 Past history of obesity (y/n) 3/0 3 6/0 7/10 P < 0.01* Past maximal BMI (kg/m2) 29.99±2.47 25.11±3.12 P < 0.05** 30.23±3.48 25.58±3.56 Past maximal body weight (kg) 79.33±9.81 64.53±8.32 78.08±16.88 63.35±10.93 History of SU or Glinide use (y/n) 5/0 14/4 Onset age of type 2 diabetes (y/o) 56.00±19.46 56.78±11.50 NS** 51.83±8.54 41.67±12.52 NS**（P = 0.0796) Other autoimmune diseases (y/n) 1/3 3/6 1/4 1/17 Rheumatoid arthritis 1 Graves' disease 2 Hashimoto disease Pancreatic cyst (y/n) 0/3 0/9 0/6 0/17 At the timing of GADA S.C. Age (y/o) 67.40±16.41 64.33±13.62 59.33±13.44 61.61±14.46 Body weight (kg) 72.22±6.42 54.58±6.76 P < 0.01** 70.63±11.29 52.06±8.59 BMI (kg/m2) 28.24±2.66 21.22±2.41 27.53±2.02 20.82±2.20 Plasma glucose (mg/dL) 224.25±70.50 363.89±278.54 245.67±166.78 218.18±143.40 HbA1c (%) 10.14±2.32 10.57±2.40 9.60±1.83 9.82±2.04 Serum C-peptide (ng/mL) 1.550±0.695 1.719±1.041 8 1.858±1.778 0.530±0.431 P<0.01** C-peptide index 1.007±0.688 0.857±0.719 0.871±1.098 0.346±0.325 16 NS**（P = 0.0939） 24h urine C-peptide (mg/day) 57.20±30.34 37.32±30.97 42.02±16.90 21.40±22.33 11 NS**（P = 0.0891） GADA titers (U/mL; mean ± SE) 　　　　(normal range, <1.5 U/mL) 4482.24±4479.44 9463.99±9379.58 NS# 46.60±31.60 731.79±496.03 GADA titers (≥10 /＜10 U/mL) 2/4 13/5 Body weight loss (y/n) 4/5 1/5 Symptoms related with hyperglycemia (y/n) 8/10 Ketosis (y/n) 2/7 2/16 Diabetes duration up to GADA S.C. (years) 11.40±5.32 7.56±5.75 7.50±5.57 19.94±11.12 Period from neg. to pos. GADA (years) 1.70±1.63 2.37±2.19 2.68±2.70 5.03±2.19 Insulin dose (U/day) ― 38.17±29.12 31.86±12.29 14 Insulin dose (U/㎏/day) 0.56±0.43 0.60±0.21 Period of insulin use up to GADA S.C. (years) 3.88±2.87 6.36±5.36 Diabetes duration up to start of insulin (years) 3.67±4.03 13.59±10.31 At 3-6 months before GADA S.C. 234.33±94.87 149.50±50.11 198.60±105.72 227.07±102.19 15 9.77±1.76 8.30±2.03 8.73±1.75 9.48±1.74 2.100±0.990 1.825±0.750 1.725±0.247 0.656±0.725 7 NS**（P = 0.0897) 1.458 1.350±0.839 0.835±0.587 0.360±0.324 Data are shown as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. *Chi-square or Fisher's exact test; **Unpaired t-test; #Mann–Whitney U-test BMI, body mass index; GADA, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody; neg., negative; NS, not significant; pos., positive; s.c., seroconversion; SU, sulfonylurea; y/n, yes/no; y/o, years old. Supplementary Table 1. Background and clinical characteristics in patients with and without insulin therapy according to presence or absence of obesity.

Without insulin therapy (n = 14) With insulin therapy (n = 24) GADA ≥10 (n = 6) n GADA ＜10 (n = 8) P GADA ≥10 (n = 15) GADA ＜10 (n = 9) Sex (Female/male) 3/3 6 4/4 8 NS* 9/6 15 6/3 9 Famirial history of diabetes (y/n) 1/4 5 3/6 9/5 14 1/7 P < 0.05* Past history of obesity (y/n) 2/3 6/1 7 7/7 Past maximal BMI (kg/m2) 23.92±3.48 28.06±2.74 P < 0.05** 26.97±4.74 26.52±2.89 NS** Past maximal body weight (kg) 60.76±6.30 73.57±10.01 68.56±15.67 65.06±11.39 History of SU or Glinide use (y/n) 4/2 6/2 13/2 4/5 Onset age of type 2 diabetes (y/o) 58.67±13.40 54.88±15.25 41.33±12.12 49.00±11.77 Other autoimmune diseases (y/n) 3/2 13 0/15 2/6 Rheumatoid arthritis 1 Graves' disease 2 Hashimoto disease Pancreatic cyst (y/n) 0/5 0/7 0/14 0/9 At the timing of GADA S.C. Age (y/o) 63.67±14.35 66.75±14.78 59.20±16.32 64.11±8.78 Body weight (kg) 54.10±9.66 65.96±9.12 55.99±12.63 57.89±12.19 BMI (kg/m2) 20.99±3.12 25.78±3.88 21.82±3.37 23.61±4.00 Obesity (y/n) 1/5 2/13 Plasma glucose (mg/dL) 421.33±307.22 234.86±132.47 206.64±128.94 254.44±174.22 HbA1c (%) 11.13±2.68 9.88±1.95 9.44±1.27 10.30±2.76 Serum C-peptide (ng/mL) 1.238±0.789 4 1.875±0,938 0.604±0.425 1.230±1.607 C-peptide index 0.495±0.419 1.128±0.715 0.403±0.335 0.581±0.922 24h urine C-peptide (mg/day) 27.83±27.09 56.90±29.24 24.08±21.74 11 36.12±24.32 GADA titers (U/mL; mean ± SE) 　　　　(normal range, <1.5 U/mL) 17927.83±13800.64 2.51±0.34 P < 0.01# 894.60±589.46 3.66±0.66 Body weight loss (y/n) 5/9 Symptoms related with hyperglycemia (y/n) 6/9 Ketosis (y/n) 1/14 1/8 Diabetes duration up to GADA S.C. (years) 5.00±2.76 11.88±5.67 17.87±11.59 15.11±11.43 Period from neg. to pos. GADA (years) 2.43±1.74 1.91±2.22 4.13±2.16 4.96±3.02 Insulin dose (U/day) ― 36.36±15.04 30.56±22.20 Insulin dose (U/㎏/day) 0.61±0.22 0.55±0.34 Period of insulin use up to GADA S.C. (years) 5.11±4.95 6.80±4.99 Diabetes duration up to start of insulin (years) 12.78±10.89 8.33±8.37 At 3-6 months before GADA S.C. 209.00±1.41 168.86±84.11 234.91±94.27 201.67±111.58 9.18±2.42 8.43±1.86 9.14±1.37 9.65±2.26 1.850±0.636 1.950±0.885 0.890±0.833 0.900±0.872 3 0.886±0.310 1.695±0.788 0.396±0.344 0.605±0.568 Data are shown as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. *Chi-square or Fisher's exact test; **Unpaired t-test; #Mann–Whitney U-test BMI, body mass index; GADA, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody; neg., negative; NS, not significant; pos., positive; s.c., seroconversion; SU, sulfonylurea; y/n, yes/no; y/o, years old. Supplementary Table 2. Background and clinical characteristics in patients with and without insulin therapy according to GADA titers ≥10 U/mL and <10 U/mL.