Simple Carbohydrates Sugar Food Science Ms. McGrath

All About Sugar •Natural part of many foods •Have a sweet taste •Foods with naturally occurring sugars often contain other nutrients as well •Sugars can be extracted from plants and used to sweeten foods such as candy, soft drinks and baked products

Structure of Sugar Sugar exists in various crystalline structures The –OH groups are called hydroxyl group A hydroxyl group is a combination of hydrogen and oxygen atoms containing one atom of each

Saccharide Saccharide Sugars are also given the name saccharide A saccharide is simply a sugar or substance made from sugar There are two types of saccharides that are simple sugars – Monosaccharide – Disaccharide

Monosaccharide Single molecules of sugars • Three examples: 1. Glucose – the “building blocks” of all other sugars 2. Fructose – found in fruits and tree sap 3. Galactose – not found free in nature but is bonded to something else –found in yogurt and aged cheese

Disaccharide Made of two monosaccharides bonded together • Three examples: 1. Sucrose – made of glucose + fructose – table sugar 2. Maltose – made of two glucose – found in cereals and sprouting grains 3. Lactose – made of glucose + galactose – found in milk

Properties of Sugar Read pages 222 and 223 Take notes concerning the four properties of sugar Complete the worksheet