Risk Management Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G., Wilkinson, B., (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resource CD Rom, De Montfort University Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

Key Principles Proportionate – matched to the risks identified and neither over or under intrusive. Necessary – genuinely required in order to protect actual and potential victims. Prescribed by law – allowed and or required by legislation. Fair and just – justified, non-discriminatory, does not over intrude on particular groups. Defensible – open and transparent to public accountability with clear decision-making. Realistic and achievable – interventions and actions are realistic and achievable, plans are 'do-able'. Protective – offers reasonable protection of victims. Balanced – where possible combining risk protection with rehabilitative aims. Evidence-based – rooted in robust evidence and rigorous risk assessment procedures. Transparent – open to reasonable scrutiny, for example by peers, tribunals, legal challenge. Recorded and communicated – decisions are appropriately recorded, and communicated to those who need to know. Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

Be SMART! Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic  Targeted (and timely), and  Anti-Discriminatory Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

Interventions should be... Well matched to the risks presented. Take into account the ‘readiness to change’ of the offender/ prisoner. Be delivered as intended. Be enforced. Have a relapse prevention plan. Have a contingency plan in case of escalating risk. Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

Using Approach Goals Goals that are of value to the offender, framing the offender's objectives in pro-social terms. Achieve difficult goals in incremental, small steps, and give positive feedback on success. View the offender holistically, focusing on a broad range of current concerns, and help the offender to prioritise those areas that require attention. Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

Engaging Offenders Engage offenders. Motivate offenders to change. Assess readiness to change. Use your authority effectively. Use your role to provide pro-social modelling. Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

Good Lives Model Understand offence patterns and cognitive restructuring Deviant sexual arousal Victim impact/empathy training Affective regulation Social skills training Safety planning or maintenance strategies (Ward et al 2007) Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

Good Practice in Interventions Cognitive-behavioural approaches. Matching treatment to risk(s) posed. Focusing on known risk factors. Delivering treatment responsively. Taking a collaborative approach. Maintaining the integrity of the programme. Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

Key Interventions with Sex Offenders Changing patterns of deviant sexual arousal. Correcting distorted thinking and educating offenders in the ‘cycle of abuse’. Educating offenders about the effects and impact of abuse. Increasing social competence. Victim empathy. Controlling sexual arousal. Reducing denial. Relapse prevention. Problem recognition and problem solving. Skills practice for improving interpersonal relationships. Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

Key Interventions with Violent Offenders Interventions and programme content must be well matched to the nature, extent and type of violence. Change the violent thinking patterns of offenders. Change the violent behaviour patterns of offenders. Change the ‘logic of violence’ and the justifications used for offending. Increase victim empathy and reduce victim blaming. Promote alternative pro-social thinking and behaviour patterns. Teach pro-social problem solving skills. Teach relapse prevention skills. Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

Risk Management Strategies External / Restrictive Reducing triggers & opportunities eg restrictive conditions Delivered through external limits & controls includes details of programme provision Internal / Constructive Reducing triggers & opportunities avoidance diversion developing thinking Active participation in interventions programmes In introducing the part on the Risk Management Plan (RMP) use this slide to draw a distinction between the Risk Management Plan and the Sentence Plan (SP). Make sure you emphasise that the two, although having distinct characteristics, are not separate –they are interdependent, with the RMP focussing on external controls and the SP (see later) focussing on Internal, offender generated and managed, controls. Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

Dynamic Factors - Ongoing Vigilance Acute Victim access Emotional collapse Collapse of social support Hostility Substance use Sexual Preoccupation Rejection of supervision Unique factors Stable Treatment targets Offender Circumstances Dealing with other issues for example substance misuse Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

Risk Management Plans that Target Problematic Behaviours Aggression and assaultative behaviour Consistent enforcement of rules; censure do not reward; programme re aggression and violent fantasies/behaviour; rehearsing alternatives; Victim safety plan Monitor for key escalation signs Behavioural contracts Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

Managing Relapse Target negative attitudes particularly victim blaming Be alert to high-risk situations, (grooming victims, access to partners) ‘SIDS’ seemingly irrelevant decisions-choice of activity, place to go, etc. Feelings of fatalism- ‘I can’t cope, why should I bother’ etc. Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

Escalating Risk and Deteriorating Behaviour: Key Signs Relationship change or breakdown, bereavement. Loss of employment, accommodation. Deterioration in outward appearance. Increased alcohol/ drug consumption. Change in usual mood and/or routine behaviour for no apparent reason. Unusual requests e.g. change of work or location for no apparent reason. Change in reporting pattern, behaviour in interview or group programme. Breakdown in support systems. Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University

Good Practice Messages Inquiries into risk management failures also identify the need for: A constant emphasis on public protection despite the complexity of difficult cases. Sound risk assessment involving appropriate methods used by trained and experienced staff. A clear link between such risk assessment and the Risk Management Plan. Courses of action or intervention identified as necessary and delivered as planned. Clarity about multi-agency and multi-disciplinary roles and responsibilities. Effective inter-agency communication and agreed shared tasks. Kemshall, H., Mackenzie, G. & Wilkinson, B. (2011) Risk of Harm Guidance and Training Resources CD ROM. De Montfort University