Chapter Fifteen Sectional Forms

Elements of Form Repetition Contrast Variation

Variation Variation combines repetition with contrast. The variation may be mostly contrast with two or more new melodies. Or, the variation may take the same theme and alter it either melodically, rhythmically, or harmonically. Alterring melodies is referred to as development. Development is also the term used to refer to sections where variations take place. Development offers a true blend of repetition and contrast.

Types of Sections Thematic Sections Introductory Sections Connecting Sections Concluding Sections

Thematic and Introductory Theme-- A section which presents the primary melodic materials of a composition. A piece of music may have more than one theme. Thematic material is labeled with capital letters-- A B C Introduction-- The beginning section to prepare the listener for the thematic material. It may be a very short or an extended section Theme Primary Melodic Materials Introduction Beginning Section to Prepare Listener for Thematic Material Transition Connecting Section to Prepare Listener for a following Theme Interlude Connecting Section Occurring Between Thematic Sections Coda Concluding Section That Brings a Work to a Close Codetta Internal Concluding Section That Brings a Section to a Close

Connecting Sections Transition Interlude Connecting sections provide a sense of movement to or rest from the themes. Transition Connecting Section to prepare listener for the theme that follows often by building a sense of anticipation which is resolved by the theme Interlude Connecting Section occurring between thematic sections that uses contrasting material to provide rest from previous theme.

Concluding Sections Coda Concluding Section that brings a work to a close Codetta Internal concluding section that brings a section to a close

Sectional Forms Binary Form Two-part (A-B) Ternary Form Three-part (A-B-A) Compound Binary + Ternary Theme and Variation A – A’ – A’’ etc. Rondo A-B-A-C-A(five-part) A-B-A-C-A-B-A(seven-part) Binary Form Two-part (A-B) Ternary Form Three-part (A-B-A) Theme and Variation A – A’ – A’’ – etc. Rondo A-B-A-C-A (five-part) A-B-A-C-A-B-A (seven-part)

Sonata Form Sonata form is the form for a single movement within a multimovement work. It is a sectional work consisting of the exposition, development, and the recapitulation.

Exposition The opening of a sonata form is the exposition. It presents the thematic material which will be used in the work. The number of themes can vary, but two contrasting themes (with a codetta) is common.

Development After stating the themes in the exposition section, the piece moves into the section which varies the thematic content through melodic, rhythmic, harmonic or timbral variations.

Recapitulation The recapitulation is the repitition of the exposition section (with certain modifications). The second theme which was originally stated in a different key from the first theme is now played in the first key. The development and recap sections may be repeated .

Complete Classical Sonata Multimovement work, typically 3 or 4 movements, some of which are sonata form. It was used in the late 18th century to the end of the 19th century for most multimovement instrumental works.

Classical Sonata Movement Tempo Typical Form(s) First Fast Sonata Second Slow Sonata T and V Third (opt.) Mod/Fast Comp. Ternary Final Fast Sonata Rondo The Complete Classical Sonata Movement Tempo Typical Form(s) First Fast Sonata Second Slow Sonata, Theme and Variations, Compound Ternary, Rondo Third Moderate Compound Ternary (opt.) to Fast Final Fast Sonata,

Performance Venues in Vienna Chamber Music Social Music Parties and Celebrations Larger Concerts Gala Occasions Charity Concerts Subscription Series Opera

Franz Joseph Haydn [1732-1809] First Viennese School Age of Aristocratic Patronage Prince(s) Esterházy