Chapter

In which industries have your grandparents, parents and elder brothers and sisters worked? Show the industries in the table below by putting a tick () in the suitable boxes. Free Response

The diagram below shows the percentage shares of working population in Hong Kong by industry from 1971 to 2006. Study it and answer the following questions. Fig. 1.1 Percentage shares of working population by industry in Hong Kong from 1971 to 2006 Source: Census and Statistics Department

Year Manufacturing Construction Services 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 Refer to Fig. 1.1. Which industry employed the greatest number of people in Hong Kong in the following years? Show your answers by putting a tick () in the suitable boxes below. Year Manufacturing Construction Services 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006         Table 1.2 Industries that have employed the greatest number of people between 1971 and 2006

Refer to Fig. 1.1 and Table 1.2. What conclusion can you draw? The manufacturing / construction / services industry is getting more and more important in Hong Kong, while the manufacturing / construction / services industry is getting less and less important in Hong Kong.

1.1 How has our labour market changed with economic development? The occupations of workers in Hong Kong have undergone great changes due to ____________ ______________. economic restructuring At present, apart from being a financial centre, Hong Kong is also developing into a . knowledge-based economy Fig. 1.3 Distribution of employment by broad industrial sectors in 4th quarter 2011 Source: Census and Statistics Department

1.1 How has our labour market changed with economic development? Fig. 1.2 The services industry has replaced manufacturing industry as the main industry in Hong Kong.

1.2 Important concepts related to the labour market A. Labour force Aged 15 and above Able and willing to work. They can either be employed or unemployed. B. Employed population The people who have a job (including those who are underemployed) C. Underemployed population Involuntarily work less than a certain number of hours and are finding more work (e.g., 35 hours a week in Hong Kong).

1.2 Important concepts related to the labour market D. Unemployed population Those who want a job but do not have one. They are available for work and are finding a job.

Employed population Total population Can you tell the relationships among total population, labour force, employed population, underemployed population and unemployed population in Hong Kong? Employed population Labour force Underemployed population Unemployed population Total population 10

2a. As a student, are you included in the labour force? Why? Labour force refers to those who are aged and above, and able and willing to . I am/am not included in the labour force because I am under 15 years of age, and I am not able to work as I have to go to . / I am/am not included in the labour force. Although I am aged 15 or above, I have to go to ____ and so I am able/not able to work. 15 work school school

(Any other reasonable answers) 2b. List three groups of people who are not included in the labour force. , the retired and the permanently ____________ who are not fit for work (Any other reasonable answers) Housewives handicapped

The percentage of the unemployed population in the labour force. 1.2 Important concepts related to the labour market E. Unemployment rate The percentage of the unemployed population in the labour force.

1. What were the unemployment rates from 2009 to 2011? Table 1.3 Number of employed, underemployed and unemployed people in Hong Kong from 2009 to 2011 Source: Census and Statistics Department 1. What were the unemployment rates from 2009 to 2011? 2009：192,600 ÷ 3,660,300 × 100% = 5.3% 2010：157,200 ÷ 3,631,300 × 100% = 4.3% 2011：126,700 ÷ 3,703,100 × 100% = 3.4%

According to Question 1, which year had the highest unemployment rate? 2009 Students do not work. As a student, are you counted in the unemployed population? Why? No, because I am not available for work as I must go to . I am not either. school finding a job

F. Labour force participation rate 1.2 Important concepts related to the labour market F. Labour force participation rate The percentage of the labour force in the population aged 15 and above.