CLASSIFICATION OF ORAL MUCOSA DISEASES JTM Shipindo 308a

Introduction A large number of lesions affect the oral mucosa hence its very difficult to establish a differential diagnosis. Based on etiopathogenesis and clinical appearance of the lesions a clinical diagnosis can be concluded by combining the two approaches , and appropriate treatment can be given.

ETIOPATHOGENIC CLASSIFICATIONS FOUR MAJOR CLASSES : THE ACRONYM “MIND” Metabolic lesions occur due to various systemic diseases, hormonal or nutritional Inflammatory lesions are the most common and have many sub categories. Classically they manifest the cardinal signs of inflammation : redness, pain and heat.

the subcategories include trauma, reactive infectious diseases and immunologic lesions (autoimmune and immunodeficiency diseases plus allergic reactions) Neoplastic lesions represent benign, premalignant, or malignant processes and thus includes a huge number of both epithelial and mesenchymal tissues growing uncontrollably. Developmental may be genetic or acquired. Either of these may be congenital(present at birth) or manifest as the individual grows

Clinical classification These include tissue alterations that clinicians observe White lesions appear so because the represent: 1) pseudomembrane 2) thickening of one or more layers of epithelium 3) sub epithelial inflammatory cell infiltrate 4) dense fibrosis. They frequently occur as a result of trauma. Red lesions represent Erythema or Atrophy. These lesions may also represent inflammations or may be early signs of premalignant lesion

Pigmentation (black, blue or brown) may be intrinsic or extrinsic Pigmentation (black, blue or brown) may be intrinsic or extrinsic . Mostly they are extrinsic from amalgam or root canal sealers. Intrinsic are usually from blood and melanin. Ulcerations indicate loss of epithelium and may be primary or secondary

Vesiculobullous begin as blisters of varying sizes Vesiculobullous begin as blisters of varying sizes. Usually of a viral (less then 5 cm or allergic or auto immune origin (bullae larger than 5cm) Swellings are a final group of lesions ranging from smooth to roughened surfaces. Rough swells represent proliferations of surface epithelium and are of viral origin. The smooth indicate mucosal enlargement.

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