Unit IV – Nature vs. Nurture: Nature and Nurture of Gender Nature and Nurture of Gender: Nature Gender - major example of nature vs. nurture Sex determined by 23rd pair of chromosome – from father Females: XX Males: XY

Unit IV – Nature vs. Nurture: Nature and Nurture of Gender Nature and Nurture of Gender: Nurture Gender role Role Expectations (norms) about a social position How category of person should act/behavior Example: How teacher should act, how hockey player should act, etc.

Unit IV – Nature vs. Nurture: Nature and Nurture of Gender Nature and Nurture of Gender: Nurture Gender role Expectation how men & women should behave Assigned by society Gender Social category of male and female This results in: Gender identify: our sense of being male or female

Unit IV – Nature vs. Nurture: Nature and Nurture of Gender Nature and Nurture of Gender: Nurture Gender Social category of male and female This results in: Gender identify: our sense of being male or female Gender-typing: acquisition of traditional masculine or feminine roles

Unit IV – Nature vs. Nurture: Nature and Nurture of Gender Nature and Nurture of Gender: Nurture Theories of Gender Typing 1) Social learning theory Learn social behavior (including gender) by: Observation & imitation Being rewarded or punished Mostly unconscious Examples: Billy is yelled at for playing with his sister’s dolls. Doesn’t do that again.

Unit IV – Nature vs. Nurture: Nature and Nurture of Gender Nature and Nurture of Gender: Nurture Theories of Gender Typing 2) Gender schema theory Through observation, experience child determines what is female or male behavior Incorporate that behavior (depending on sex), acts accordingly Involves cognition Example Based on your experience, observation: boys play football & girls do gymnastics. You’re a boy, so you play football.