Review & Preview Chapter 2

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Presentation transcript:

Review & Preview Chapter 2 Major theories/theorists Erikson Behaviorism & Social Learning Piaget Information processing Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Ethology Vygotsky Ecological Systems Theory Video Vocabulary Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations Genetic Foundations The genetic code the sex cells boy or girl? multiple offspring patterns of gene-gene interactions chromosomal abnormalities Reproductive Choices Environmental Contexts for Development Socioeconomic Status (SES) Understanding the Relationship Between Heredity and the Environment)

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages Basic trust v. mistrust Birth–1 year Autonomy v. shame and doubt 1–3 years Initiative v. guilt 3–6 years Industry v. inferiority 6–11 years Identity v. role confusion Adolescence Intimacy v. isolation Emerging adulthood Generativity v. stagnation Adulthood Integrity v. despair Old age

Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Behaviorism & Social Learning Classical Conditioning Stimulus–Response Operant Conditioning Reinforcers and punishments Social-Cognitive Approach Modeling Self-efficacy

Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning and Social Learning

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development Table 1.2 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development ©2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Information Processing Looks at the human mind as a symbol-manipulating system through which information flows. Human cognition is often compared to the processing of a computer.

Developmental Cognitive Medicine Neuroscience Biology Psychology Developmental Cognitive

Ethology Concerned with the adaptive or survival value of behavior and its evolutionary history Roots traced to Darwin: Imprinting Critical period Sensitive period

Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory Transmission of culture to new generation Beliefs, customs, skills Social interaction vital for cognitive development Cooperative dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society

Ecological Systems Theory Figure 1.4 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Video Vocabulary Genes DNA chromosomes mitosis sex cells Meiosis sex chromosomes Conception Zygote Embryo Fetus (identical and fraternal twins) Terms are also covered in chapters 2-4 in our text

Chapter 2 Quiz

Chapter 3 Quiz