What was the French & Indian War (1754-1763)? Fought on 2 continents: Europe and North America British vs. French Called the French and Indian War in North America Called the Seven Years War in Europe

How did the French & Indian War Affect Spanish Texas? Treaty of Paris (1763) ended war (Britain defeats France) Great Britain: got Canada and all French land East of Mississippi River Spain: got all land West of Mississippi River, including Louisiana and New Orleans

How did the French & Indian War Affect Spanish Texas? France was no longer a threat in North America. Marques de Rubi, a Spanish officer who investigated Texas, recommended that Spain close their Texas missions except for those in San Antonio and Goliad (La Bahia).

How did the French & Indian War Affect Spanish Texas? In 1773, Baron de Ripperda, the Spanish governor of Texas, closed the East Texas missions and ordered all settlers west to San Antonio One settler, Gil Ybarbo, was permitted to stay as he established Nacogdoches.

What was the American Revolution (1776-1783)? In a nutshell, the 13 American Colonies overthrow British rule; Spain and France support the American colonists

How did the American Revolution Affect Spanish Texas? Bernardo de Galvez: Spanish governor of Louisiana who helped the American colonists by opening port of New Orleans for supplies: weapons, clothing, money, medical supplies Spanish efforts kept New Orleans and the lower Mississippi Valley out of British hands

How did the American Revolution Affect Spanish Texas? Treaty of Paris (1783) ended war; established peace b/w Great Britain and U.S. (America wins!) Britain recognizes American Independence New boundaries of America In 1790s, Spain stops funding all Texas missions Begins to inspire Mexican Revolutionaries for freedom from Spain

Who was Napoleon Bonaparte (1800)? Emperor of France conquers most of Europe He forces Spain to give Louisiana territory back to France

NOT this Napoleon!!!

How did Napoleon affect Spanish Texas? Napoleon later loses some battles in Europe and needs money; so he sells land in North America He is forced to sell the Louisiana Territory to the U.S.

How did the Louisiana Purchase affect Spanish Texas? U.S. President Thomas Jefferson buys Louisiana territory (14 current states) from France for $15 million Result: Anglos pushed across the Mississippi River towards Spanish held Texas

What was the Neutral Ground Dispute (1806-1819)? U.S. claimed boundary was Sabine River and possibly all of Texas Spain claimed boundary the tributary Arroyo Hondo, near the Calcasieu River (east of the Sabine River in Louisiana)

How did the Neutral Ground Dispute Affect Spanish Texas? No government or ruling authority Becomes a hideaway for filibusters and mustangers such as Philip Nolan.

What was the Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)? Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) – ended the dispute, set boundary at Sabine River and… U.S. gets Florida and gives up claim to Texas Spain gets all land west of the Sabine River (i.e., all of Texas) Spain allows Americans to settle Texas

What was the Hidalgo Revolt? September 16, 1810 – Father Miguel Hidalgo Y Costilla issues the “grito de delores”, or cry for Mexican independence from Spain Mexican people should govern themselves and revolt against Spain NOTE: Father Miguel Hidalgo ≠ Father Francisco Hidalgo (no relation)

How did the Hidalgo Revolt affect Spanish Texas? His forces fail to capture Mexico City, and Hidalgo is captured and executed in 1811 He inspires others to take up arms Some of his followers invade Texas and capture San Antonio and other Texas towns; but are later defeated by Spanish loyalists

What was the Gutierrez-Magee Expedition? Jose Bernardo Gutierrez de Lara, one of Hidalgo’s supporters; recruits American Augustus Magee for help in the liberation of Texas from Spain In August 1812, they form the “Republican Army of the North”, and later capture Nacogdoches, Goliad, and San Antonio Above: Solid Green Flag of the Gutierrez-Magee Expedition

What was the Battle of Medina? Americans wanted a republic, but the Mexicans wanted a government with appointed officials Americans wanted Texas independence from Spain, but Mexicans wanted Texas to remain part of Mexico In August 1813, the Republican Army is defeated by the Spanish Army led by General Joaquin de Arredondo at the Battle of Medina [River], north of San Antonio. They kill/execute most of the Republican Army.

How did revolutionaries and pirates affect Spanish Texas? French pirates helped against Spanish resistance along the Gulf Coast. Louis Michel Aury transported an expedition of Mexican rebel troops along the coast under the command of Francisco Mina Jean Laffite was more interested in capturing Spanish vessels for their cargo than fighting for Mexican independence. Jean Laffite

What was the James Long Expedition? James Long, a filibuster, was angry that the U.S. surrendered claim to Texas (Adams-Onis Treaty) He led a force of rebels and captured Nacogdoches and declared Texas a free and independent and was elected president. Above: James Long’s Flag

Why did the James Long Expedition fail? While Long was in Galveston seeking Jean Laffite’s aid, Spanish troops defeated Long’s forces in East Texas. Long recruited more troops and captured Goliad, but was forced to surrender to Spanish troops. He was later taken to Mexico City and killed.

How did the Spanish Colonial Era Affect Texas? September 1821: Mexico became independent from Spain. The province of Texas was part of this new country. Only three major settlements—San Antonio, Goliad (La Bahia), and Nacogdoches—stood in Texas interior. Northern and Western Texas lay unoccupied or were controlled by nomadic Indian tribes.

Why did Spain neglect to settle Texas? No gold or silver to lure fortune hunters and adventurers to Texas. Farmers and ranchers preferred more fertile areas of Mexico and California. Mexico City attracted people for its advances in art, law, politics, military, and the Church. Metropolitan Cathedral of Mexico City

Why did Spain neglect to settle Texas? Most Texas Indians remained unfriendly and had little to no interest in Spanish culture and religion. Food supplies for troops and maintenance funds were low.

How did Spanish culture influence Texas? Spaniards mapped and explored this vast land. Spain built the first roads over Indian trails. Many cities, rivers, and bays in Texas have Spanish names.

Spanish Legacy Rio Grande Brazos River Padre Island Nueces River Cities/Towns Rivers San Antonio El Paso Amarillo Corpus Christi Galveston Nacogdoches San Augustine Llano Laredo Seguin Victoria Cuero San Angelo Port Lavaca San Felipe San Marcos Del Rio Palacios Mission Rio Hondo Padre Island San Antonio Bay Matagorda Bay Corpus Christi Bay Galveston Bay Guadalupe Mountains Chisos Mountains Rio Grande Brazos River Nueces River Pecos River Trinity River Neches River Colorado River Leon River Atascocita Road El Camino Real San Antonio Road Bays/Island Roads Mountains

How did Spanish culture influence Texas? Spanish settlers brought horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs into Texas. Texans used the Spanish ranching system, with its practices, methods, and equipment such as lariats and chaps.

How did Spanish culture influence Texas? Spanish vaqueros made the first long cattle drives from South Texas to markets in Louisiana. Spanish customs were adapted to frontier conditions. These adjustments formed a distinct Tejano culture that has continued in the state to the present day.