Chapter 5 Law Enforcement Today

What are policeman made of?

Tithing X10 Reeve x10 A History of the American Police X100 American policing is based on the English system of law enforcement Historically, the tithing system was used: Families banded together for protection 1066 Anglo-England People raised to warn others of trouble and to pursue criminals Tithings were formed (10 families) Ten tithings banded together to form a hundred supervised by a Reeve Hundreds banded together to form shires supervised by the shire reeve Tithing x10 X10 Reeve X100 Shire Reeve

A History of the American Police 18th Century English Policing London increases in population and crime dramatically increases London experiments with different kinds of policing In 1829, the Metropolitan Police Act (MPA) is passed in Parliament while Sir Robert Peel is home secretary The MPA creates the first organized police force of over 1,000 men called “bobbies”

Figure 5.1 Fundamental Principles of the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829

Bobbies

History of American Policing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3zauWsejUo

A History of the American Police 19th Century American Policing In 1801, Boston became the first American city to acquire a formal night watch In 1833, Philadelphia became the first city to employ both day and night watchmen In 1838, Boston formed the first organized police department, consisting of six full-time officers In 1844, New York City set the foundation for the modern police department by combining its day and nigh watches under the control of a single police chief Policing and police officers were heavily influenced by political powers Police corruption was rampant during the political era of policing, which lasted roughly from 1840-1930

A History of the American Police The Modernization of the American Police The Reform Era lasted from roughly 1930-1980 The era is known for: Increased police professionalism Administrative reforms Addressing turmoil in the 1960s

A History of the American Police Returning to the Community The Community Era of Policing, which began in the 1980s and continues today, is recognized for: Emphasis on good police-community relationships Proactive police efforts, as opposed to traditional reactive approaches

Figure 5.2 The Three Eras of American Policing

Community Policing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TqWdlDABmvo

Law Enforcement Agencies There are around 18,000 law enforcement agencies in the United States, employing over 950,000 people These agencies include: Roughly 3,088 sheriff’s departments About 1,332 special police agencies, limited to policing parks, schools, airports, and other locales 49 state police departments (Hawaii being the exception) 50 federal law enforcement agencies Each level has its own set of responsibilities

Law Enforcement Agencies Municipal (local or city) Law Enforcement The vast majority of all police officers work in small and medium-sized police departments (cities and towns) While New York City has the largest police department (with more than 40,000 employees, roughly 680 small towns have only one police officer Study Guide

Figure 5.3 Full-Time Police Personnel, by Size and Population Serviced

Law Enforcement Agencies County Law Enforcement Either the County Sheriff’s Department (most common) or County Police Department Responsible for: Law enforcement Local corrections (jail) Civil law authority Court-related duties Collecting taxes

Figure 5.4 The Functions of Sheriffs’ and Local Police Departments

Law Enforcement Agencies State Police Agencies The most visible state law enforcement agency is the state police or highway patrol agency Historically, state police agencies were created for four reasons: To assist local police agencies To investigate criminal activities that crossed jurisdictional boundaries To provide law enforcement in rural and other areas that did not have local or county police agencies To break strikes and control labor movements

You Are Here!!!

Kentucky State Police http://www.kentuckystatepolice.org/career.html

Federal Law Enforcement

Law Enforcement Agencies Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Statistically, employees of federal agencies do not make up a large part of the Nation’s law enforcement force Federal law enforcement agencies have been authorized, usually by Congress, to enforce specific laws or attend to specific situations The most far-reaching reorganization of the federal government since World War II took place in 2002 and 2003, particularly with regard to the creation of the Department of Homeland Security

Organization of Federal Law Enforcement Law Enforcement Agencies Organization of Federal Law Enforcement Some of the most important federal law enforcement bureaus and agencies are: The Department of Homeland Security The Directorate of Customs and Border Security The U.S. Customs Service The U.S. Secret Service The Department of Justice The Federal Bureau of Investigation The U.S. Marshals Service The Drug Enforcement Agency The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives The Department of the Treasury The Internal Revenue Service

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives Search form Search Advanced Search Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives                                   ATF Terrorism Counterintelligence Cyber Crime Public Corruption Civil Rights Organized Crime White-Collar Crime Violent Crimes & Major Thefts The mission of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is to enforce the controlled substances laws and regulations of the United States and bring to the criminal and civil justice system of the United States, or any other competent jurisdiction, those organizations and principal members of organizations, involved in the growing, manufacture, or distribution of controlled substances appearing in or destined for illicit traffic in the United States; and to recommend and support non-enforcement programs aimed at reducing the availability of illicit controlled substances on the domestic and international markets. •Judicial Security •Fugitive Operations •Asset Forfeiture •Prisoner Operations •Prisoner Transportation •Witness Security •Tactical Operations ATF is a unique law enforcement agency in the United State Department of Justice that protects our communities from violent criminals, criminal organizations, the illegal use and trafficking of firearms, the illegal use and storage of explosives, acts of arson and bombings, acts of terrorism, and the illegal diversion of alcohol and tobacco products

The mission of the United States Secret Service is to safeguard the nation's financial infrastructure and payment systems to preserve the integrity of the economy, and to protect national leaders, visiting heads of state and government, designated sites and National Special Security Events U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), the largest investigative agency in the Department of Homeland Security, is responsible for enforcing the nation's immigration and customs laws. ICE has more than 20,000 employees working in 400 offices in the U.S. and around the world With more than 60,000 employees, CBP is one of the world's largest law enforcement organizations and is charged with keeping terrorists and their weapons out of the U.S. while facilitating lawful international travel and trade.

Figure 5.5 Federal Law Enforcement Agencies

Waco Incident https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzSBZdoJhik

US Border Patrol https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5MBqmHPMNM

FBI Academy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Nk1CyL8CwI

Secret Service Agent Training https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XwtKJPkGGa0

US Marshalls https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0mo8UIdfH7o

Private Security

Private Security Over $100 billion a year is spent worldwide on private security Over 10,000 U.S. private security firms employ around 2 million people Ideally, a security guard should only observe and report criminal activity unless use of force is needed to prevent a felony Private security is intended to deter crime rather than stop it

Private Security Problems with Private Security Among the problems associated with private security are: Limited state, and no federal regulations regarding the industry Quality of many private security employees Minimal training Poor pay

Private Security Four factors are cited as driving the growth in private security: An increase in fear on the part of the public The problem of crime in the workplace Budget cuts in states and municipalities Fear of terrorism

AlliedBarton is a Pennsylvania-based private security company that was established in 1957. Staffed by over 55,000 employees, who are divided among 120 offices around the USA, AlliedBarton is the biggest U.S.-owned security officer business in America. The company focuses on various different areas, including higher education campuses, commercial property, aerospace and defense sites, housing, malls, healthcare facilities, and chemical industries. Through its “Hire Our Heroes” program, AlliedBarton recruits former members of the armed forces, reservists and their relatives to bolster its staff of “highly trained security personnel.” In November 2013 Victory Media included AlliedBarton on its 2014 lists of Top Military Friendly and Military Spouse Friendly companies to work for. The firm specializes in “local response” and “national support.” In 2012 its annual revenue exceeded $1.9 billion.

The Responsibilities of the Police The four basic responsibilities of the police include: Enforcing laws Providing services Preventing crime Preserving the peace There is great debate over which responsibilities deserve the most police attention and what methods should be employed by the police in meeting those responsibilities

The Role of Discretion in Policing In deciding how to apply the law to any particular situation, police officers generally consider three factors: The nature of the criminal act (the most important factor) The attitude of the wrongdoer toward the officer Departmental policy

Scenario #1 You are a police officer on duty at a crowded mall. You observe a fight between two grown men. There are punches thrown and both men have cuts and scrapes to their faces. After separating the men, one of them tells you his daughter had been sexually assaulted by the other in the mall restroom. What is your course of action?

Scenario #2 You are a Kentucky police officer on duty patrolling on US 23. You observe a small red car travelling 85 MPH. Once you stop the car, the 15 year old male driver tells you he is rushing to the hospital because he just got word his father had a heart attack. What is your course of action?

Scenario #3 You are a police officer (off duty) and observe a car with four adults inside of it. They pull alongside you and the driver appears to be smoking marijuana. You have your own 5 year old daughter with you. You flash your badge at them and instruct them to pull over. The driver flips you the birdie!! What is your course of action?

Scenario #4 You are a police officer and observe a car with an elderly lady driving. She runs through a stop sign. You pull her over and she is extremely polite. After running a check on her license, she has three prior tickets for “Disregarding a Stop Sign”. She appears very remorseful and actually starts to cry. What is your course of action?

Scenario #5 You are a police officer and observe a man sitting on the side of the road with his head down. He has his hands in his jacket pockets. He refuses your instructions to take his hands out of his pockets. He will not speak either. What is your course of action?

10 Horrific Mexican Cartel Attacks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64iR1mjBa14