Stem Cells in the Nervous System Chapter 30 Stem Cells in the Nervous System Copyright © 2012, American Society for Neurochemistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

FIGURE 30-1: Hematopoietic reconstitution by stem cells FIGURE 30-1: Hematopoietic reconstitution by stem cells. Studies by Till & McCulloch, 1961, established that cells in the bone marrow could reconstitute the immune lineage. Animals exposed to high levels of irradiation die, but can be rescued by infusion of bone marrow cells or purified hematopoietic stem cells. The entire blood-forming system could be restored by injecting bone marrow cells from a compatible donor. After about a week, the spleens of the injected mice contain colonies of cells, each from a single hematopoietic stem cell. Copyright © 2012, American Society for Neurochemistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

FIGURE 30-2: Asymmetric cell divisions give rise first to neurons and later to glia as development proceeds. Neural stem cells expand early in development, and then give rise to neurogenic and then gliogenic lineages. While these events occur, it is not yet clear how the lineages are regulated or whether they follow similar patterns in each region of the CNS. Copyright © 2012, American Society for Neurochemistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

FIGURE 30-3: Inductive cues affect regional development of the CNS FIGURE 30-3: Inductive cues affect regional development of the CNS. Signals include dorsalizing BMPs and ventralizing sonic hedgehog alter cell fate in the neural tube. Radial glial cells that initially span the wall of the neural tube give rise to clones of cells that include both neurons and glial cells (note green and yellow cells). Copyright © 2012, American Society for Neurochemistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

FIGURE 30-4: The neurosphere assay in vitro has been widely used to identify neural stem cells. Dissociated cells grown in EGF/FGF form clusters of floating cells called neurospheres. When plated on adherent substrate, these cells differentiate into neurons and glial cells as well as stem cells. Copyright © 2012, American Society for Neurochemistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

TABLE 30-1: Neural Markers Copyright © 2012, American Society for Neurochemistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.