WHAT IS CRUSTAL EXTENSION AND WHICH GLOBAL LANDSCAPE FEATURES DOES IT GIVE RISE TO?
CRUSTAL EXTENSION Crust Astheno- sphere Upper Mantle
CRUSTAL EXTENSION
CRUSTAL EXTENSION Crustal Thinning
CRUSTAL EXTENSION Crustal Thinning
CRUSTAL EXTENSION Crustal Thinning Crustal Faulting
DIVERGENCE. 1 Old Crustal Block
DIVERGENCE. 2 Crustal Thinning & Faulting Block 1 Block 2 Large reservoir of liquid magma close to surface of crust
DIVERGENCE. 2 Block 1 Block 2 Long Deep Lakes Active Volcanoes Pressure Gradient Long Deep Lakes Active Volcanoes
DIVERGENCE. 3 Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 1 Block 2
DIVERGENCE. 3 Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 1 Block 2 Older volcanic rocks cooled, solidifies, contracts and adheres to blocks.
DIVERGENCE. 3 Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 1 Block 2 Older volcanic rocks cooled, solidifies, contracts and adheres to blocks. Active volcanicity still connected to reservoir in upper mantle
DIVERGENCE. 3 Crustal blocks moving further apart Sea invades long narrow inlet. Block 1 Block 2 Older volcanic rocks cooled, solidifies, contracts and adheres to blocks. Active volcanicity still connected to reservoir in upper mantle.
DIVERGENCE. 4 Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 1 Block 2
DIVERGENCE. 4 Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 1 Block 2 Oldest volcanic rocks near edge of block.
DIVERGENCE. 4 Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 1 Block 2 Oldest volcanic rocks near edge of block. Younger volcanic further from block, cooled, solidified, contracted.
DIVERGENCE. 4 Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 1 Block 2 Oldest volcanic rocks near edge of block. Active volcanicity still connected to reservoir in upper mantle Younger volcanic further from block, cooled, solidified, contracted.
DIVERGENCE. 4 Sea broadening. Shallow water, volcanic islands in middle Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 1 Block 2 Oldest volcanic rocks near edge of block. Active volcanicity still connected to reservoir in upper mantle Younger volcanic further from block.
DIVERGENCE. 5 Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 1 Block 2
DIVERGENCE. 5 Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 1 Block 2 Oldest volcanic rocks near edge of block.
DIVERGENCE. 5 Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 1 Block 2 Oldest volcanic rocks near edge of block. Old volcanic further from block.
DIVERGENCE. 5 Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 1 Block 2 Oldest volcanic rocks near edge of block. Old volcanic further from block. Young volcanic near mid-ocean.
DIVERGENCE. 5 Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 1 Block 2 Oldest volcanic rocks near edge of block. Active volcanicity in mid-ocean. Old volcanic further from block. Young volcanic near mid-ocean.
DIVERGENCE. 5 Large ocean basin underlain by volcanic rocks symmetrically distributed Crustal blocks moving further apart Block 1 Block 2 Oldest volcanic rocks near edge of block. Active volcanicity in mid-ocean. Old volcanic further from block. Young volcanic near mid-ocean.
EAST AFRICAN RIFT VALLEY Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo Rwanda Block 1 Block 2 EAST AFRICAN RIFT VALLEY
EAST AFRICAN RIFT VALLEY 4 5 HIGHEST PEAKS IN AFRICA 2 3 1 5 EAST AFRICAN RIFT VALLEY
EAST AFRICAN RIFT VALLEY 4 2nd and 3rd DEEPEST LAKES IN THE WORLD 2 3 1 5 EAST AFRICAN RIFT VALLEY
GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKES
GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF VOLCANOES 03.02.b1
Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Sudan and Eritrea, fit together like pieces of a jig-saw puzzle across either side of the Red Sea. Block 1 Block 2
03.00.a1f
10.08.a4
Former Yemeni President, Ali Abdullah Saleh Extinct volcano! USS Cole 17 Died 39 Injured Aden, 2000 Former Yemeni President, Ali Abdullah Saleh Volcanic lavas have filled the rift on the African side (Afar Triangle), creating strategic choke-point between Somalia and Yemen! Block 1 Block 2
Grandfather, Fred Mundy D.C.M. Suez Canal links Mediterranean and Indian Ocean via the Red Sea. Aden: British controlled 1839-1967. Grandfather, Fred Mundy D.C.M. Suez – Jerusalem 1917-18 Block 1 Block 2
GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKES
GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF VOLCANOES 03.02.b1
THE WEST BANK SETTLEMENTS Pre-1967 Arab-Israeli War border of Israel Jerusalem
GOLAN HEIGHTS (EAST BANK!)
ATLANTIC OCEAN
ATLANTIC OCEAN ICELAND
ATLANTIC OCEAN Ronald Reagan Margaret Thatcher
FALKLANDS MALVINAS SOUTH ATLANTIC OIL AND NATURAL GAS NORTH SEA EUROPE BRITAIN FALKLANDS MALVINAS SOUTH ATLANTIC ARGENTINA 10.10.b1
ATLANTIC OCEAN ELBA ST. HELENA
GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKES
GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF VOLCANOES 03.02.b1 NB. THESEMUST APPEAR ABOVE SEA LEVEL TO BE PLOTTED!
ATLANTIC OCEAN 10.04.a3
INDIAN OCEAN 10.04.a3
PACIFIC OCEAN 10.04.a3
SOUTHERN OCEAN 10.04.a3
10.04.a4
THINK! TIME AND SPACE.
FIVE ACT PLAY I II III IV V Length of Play = 2 hr 7 version of the play running over a period of 4 hrs
SEVEN THEATERS START THE PLAY AT RANDOM TIMES. SEVEN SPECTACTORS ARRIVE AT EACH ONE OF THE DIFFERENT THEATERS SIMULTANEOUSLY AND RECORD WHICH ACT THE PLAY IS IN. One in Act 1, 1 Act 2, 2 Act3, 2 Act 4, 1 Act 5 -: Roughly proportional to the lengths of time spent in each act. We can’t watch the whole play (ocean basin formation), but we can visit many ocean basins now and assume that they represent the lengths of time that the play would spend in each act if we were able to observe it over time.