Consolidation and Upgrade of the LHC Experimental Vacuum Systems Ray VENESS For the Experimental Vacuum team

Overview Background Consolidation and upgrade project(s) Current situation for LHC experimental vacuum Challenges of the experimental vacuum systems Consolidation and upgrade project(s) Definition of terms Examples of projects ATLAS VA vacuum chambers Impact of triplet upgrade on experiments New detectors for ATLAS and CMS New materials for LHC luminosity upgrades The project organisation Organisation The work Resources Summary Work for VSC Conclusions Experimental Vacuum 26 VI 09 - R.Veness

Introduction A short, but important part of the LHC vacuum system Q1-Q1 in IR 1,2,5 and 8 ≈ 160m of the ring The LHC experiments cost ~1500 MCHF and every particle they see must first pass through the experimental vacuum LHC experimental vacuum systems are the responsibility of TE-VSC Ensure the reliable operation of the LHC machine Common issues and technologies Maximise efficiency for CERN, exploit synergies, avoid redundancies in skills and designs Experimental vacuum sectors are not ‘stable’ Experiments are continually looking to optimise their detectors LEP experimental vacuum saw 3 generations of chambers for all 4 experiments, plus a number of smaller upgrades Some requests for upgrades from LHC experiments date already from 2001 Experimental Vacuum 26 VI 09 - R.Veness

Challenges: Optimised chambers, supports and instruments Annular ion pump for ATLAS and ALICE LHCb UX85/3 conical beryllium chamber ‘Spider’s web support in LHCb Experimental Vacuum 26 VI 09 - R.Veness

Challenges: Installation and Access Bakeout of the CMS vacuum system Installation of the last chamber in ATLAS Experimental Vacuum 26 VI 09 - R.Veness

Challenges: Interfaces with Detectors Integration of the ATLAS beryllium chamber with the PIXEL detector in clean room Bakeout of the ALICE beryllium chamber – fans keep the detectors cool Experimental Vacuum 26 VI 09 - R.Veness

‘Consolidation’ and ‘Upgrade’ Consolidation (install 2010-12) Production of critical spares, where no spare exists for LHC operation, or the spare is not compatible with operation of the experiment Eg, CMS end cap pipe Replacement of faulty components Eg, LHCb UX85/3 beryllium chamber Replacement of components that will cause problems of activation and background already before nominal luminosity [see example] Eg, ATLAS VA and VT chambers Upgrade phase I (install 2013/14) New chambers for upgraded PIXEL detectors [see example] Changes to layouts due to triplet upgrade [see example] Replacing activated chambers that cannot be modified for ‘ALARA’ reasons Upgrade phase II (install 2017~18) New layouts for SLHC with provision of higher luminosity and activation R&D for new materials for chambers and components [see example] Experimental Vacuum 26 VI 09 - R.Veness

Example 1: ATLAS VA CERN Academic Training 9th June 09 Experimental Vacuum 26 VI 09 - R.Veness

Example 1: ATLAS VA Courtesy of V.Hedberg Experimental Vacuum 26 VI 09 - R.Veness Courtesy of V.Hedberg

Example 1: ATLAS VA Erik’s head is at the ~500μSv/h level (for nominal lumi.) here… We have ~1 day of work here in every shutdown ATLAS have several man/weeks here per year Experimental Vacuum 26 VI 09 - R.Veness

Example 1: ATLAS VA VSC Activities Development Aluminium bellows In progress between VSC and EN-MME Thin walled 2219 aluminium tubes Aluminium ion pump body To do – looking for support in VSC Rotatable minimised aluminium flanges To do Production Welded assembly of 3 chambers NEG coating of aluminium and bellows Integration of optimised bakeout equipment Qualification and test Performance testing Installation testing Installation Planned for 2010/11 shutdown Experimental Vacuum 26 VI 09 - R.Veness

Example 2: Impact of Triplet Upgrade This zone is fully integrated into the experimental cavern (eg. CMS) Interface zone between Q1 and the high-luminosity experiments (ATLAS, CMS) Experimental Vacuum 26 VI 09 - R.Veness

Example 2: Impact of Triplet Upgrade All the vacuum components over this length in ATLAS and CMS will need to be re-designed and replaced Remote flange TAS chamber BPMSW VAX Experimental Vacuum 26 VI 09 - R.Veness

Example 3: New detectors CERN Academic Training 9th June 09 Experimental Vacuum 26 VI 09 - R.Veness

Comment: This means 5~10 MCHF of beryllium beampipes… CERN Academic Training 9th June 09 Experimental Vacuum 26 VI 09 - R.Veness

Example 4: Alternative materials to Beryllium Problems with beryllium Expensive (100-200 kCHF/m) Hazardous (tight restrictions on use at CERN) Limited supply (complex manufacture) Specification for alternatives Transparent to particles UHV compatible Radiation and temperature resistant Carbon-carbon composite tube for test Experimental Vacuum 26 VI 09 - R.Veness

LHC Experimental Beampipes Working Group Project Organisation Requests for consolidation or upgrade Resource planning LHC Experimental Beampipes Working Group ACC-DIR BE-ABP R&D follow-up EN-MEF Layout changes LHC Machine Committee TE-VSC Experimental Vacuum 26 VI 09 - R.Veness

Requests for Consolidation or Upgrade Experimental Vacuum 26 VI 09 - R.Veness

Project Resource Planning Experimental Vacuum 26 VI 09 - R.Veness

Main activities for VSC Analysis of new vacuum layouts Smaller diameters for phase I upgrade Cold + warm machine magnets inside experiments for phase II Development of vacuum components Remote handling for flanges and chambers Aluminium bellows, ion pumps and minimised flanges Production Mechanical design and construction Many new beryllium chambers Integrated bakeout equipment Qualification and installation testing… radiation! NEG coating Smaller diameter, thinner, fragile chambers New materials for vac chambers Carbon-carbon leak-tight coatings and NEG coatings Other materials Experimental Vacuum 26 VI 09 - R.Veness

Summary Experimental vacuum systems are part of the LHC vacuum system, with some particularities Optimised materials and components, difficult access and interface conditions The LHC experiments are working on major consolidations and upgrades, and they require our collaboration 7 MCHF of new vacuum hardware, 2.7 MCHF of development and project costs, 6 persons/year over the next 5 years There are many challenges for VSC New ideas are always welcome! Experimental Vacuum 26 VI 09 - R.Veness