Introduction of Oceanography

1/3 world petroleum and natural gas. 2% food gives to man Ocean- It means the vast body of saline water that occupies the depressions of the earth surface. Importance of Ocean:- 1/3 world petroleum and natural gas. 2% food gives to man Moderate temperature. World biggest cities on the ocean cost. Recreational resource. Earth called water planet. Shipping and communication routes. 97% water in contained in ocean.

OCEANOGRAPHY: MEANING AND DEFINITION Oceanography is the scientific study of marine environment, say marine phenomena. Oceanography is a science that investigates and interprets the characteristics and origin of ocean basins and reliefs thereof, physical and chemical properties of sea water(temperature, salinity and density), ocean dynamics (tides, sea waves, ocean currents, and tidal surges including tsunamis), coastal processes and coastal scenery, marine sediments and ocean deposits, coastal habitats and marine ecology, marine resources, marine organisms and biologi­cal productivity, and man and marine environ­ment

BRANCHES OF OCEANOGRAPHY

Geological Oceanography: the study of characteristics and formation of sea floor, the origin of ocean basins, the plate movements and sea-floor spread­ing through time, marine sediments. Geomorphological Oceanography: mechanisms of coastal processes of denudation and characteristic of coastal landforms, such as sea cliffs, wave-cut platforms, sea coves and caves, skerries, stacks, wave-built platforms, sea beaches etc. Physical Oceanography:- studies basically the physical properties of ocean water in terms of thermal conditions, density, turbidity, viscosity, compressibility of ocean waters etc. Environmental Oceanography:- the study of interactions of man and marine environment, adverse impacts in the form of pollution resulting there from, and remedial measures thereof. (e.g. dredging of harbors, construction of ship canals, for example, Sethusamudram Ship Canal through the bay of Mannar and Palk Bay in India).

Chemical Oceanography: - the study of chemical composition and characteristics of seawater. E.g.- Salinity, evaporation mechanism, and marine organisms. Dynamic Oceanography:- the study of genesis and characteristics of various types of motions of seawater such as sea waves, ocean currents, tides, tsunamis, and tidal and storm surges. Biological Oceanography:- the study of different aspects of marine organisms (e.g. characteristics and distribution of sea plants, sea animals, and sea micro-organisms). Economic Oceanography:- the characteristics, origin, importance, classification, and distribution of marine resources. Economically, oceans have become very significant resource base because these provide both biological and mineral resources for human use.

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