How did the civil war Affect Democracy in England?

Democracy In England Charles II was in exile in Europe The English Republic was now called the Commonwealth of England The Rump Parliament voted to abolish the monarchy and the House of Lords in 1649

The Rump Parliament Becoming unpopular Many people disagreed with its decisions or right to make decisions Only 80 members, so it did not properly represent the people

Changing British Society The Rump Parliament passed 2 Acts The Adultery Act May 1650 Death penalty for incest and adultery 2. The Blasphemy Act August 1650 To restrain extreme religious groups

Oliver Cromwell takes on Parliament 1653 The Rump Parliament refused to hold an election unless they were guaranteed their seats Cromwell marched into parliament with troops and physically drove members out You are no parliament!!!

Lord Protector Cromwell was named Lord Protector by senior army officers Military dictator Divided the country into districts and ruled through major-generals - Collect taxes, law and order

Calvinist Blue Laws Established under Cromwell Lord Protector Outlawed “pagan” ceremonies such as Christmas Forbade dancing, gambling, sports , and theatre Cromwell was not popular

Return of the King After the death of Cromwell, a new parliament elected New Parliament decided to restore the monarchy Invited Charles II to return to England as King

Hail the King! The restoration of the monarchy was a very popular decision The people did not oppose the monarchy, they just wanted a parliament that could stand up for their rights Everyone besides the Puritans hated the Blue Laws

Constitutional Monarchy Parliament insisted the king rule as a constitutional monarch powers controlled by parliament 2 major political parties formed Tories- Royal supporters Whigs- opponents to the monarchy

Charles II Revenge Those behind the execution of Charles I were severely punished 10 members of the former Rump Parliament were hanged, draw and quartered The body of Cromwell was dug up and hanged outside Westminster Abby The coronation church and resting place of British monarchs since 1066

The Test Act 1672 Charles II issued a royal proclamation that supported religious freedom for Catholics Parliament responded by issuing the test act Made the Church of England Supreme Catholics not allowed to hold office, vote, or join professions

James II James II was openly Catholic Gave high offices to Catholics in spite of the Test Act Believed in divine right and meant to take power from parliament

Fear and Chaos Rebellions anti-catholic riots broke out Following the rebellion in support for Charles II’s illegitimate son, James instituted a reign of terror Called the bloody Assizes due to the high number of executions

The Issue of Succession James II produced a male Catholic heir Parliament contacted James II’s Protestant daughter Mary and her Dutch husband William of Orange November 1688William and 20 000 men landed in southwest England James II fled due to a lack of support Parliament declared that he had abdicated the throne and it was open for Mary and William

Mary and William of Orange Became king and queen in 1689 when they agreed to the terms of a new Bill of Rights Document made it clear that the monarch’s power was limited Absolute monarchy was over- This was the Glorious Revolution