Joseph Ocran Department of Sociology University of Ghana, Legon

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Presentation transcript:

the Millennium Development goals and Reproductive Health: Lessons from the Developing World Joseph Ocran Department of Sociology University of Ghana, Legon Harriet takyi Department of Sociology & Social Work, KNust, Kumasi & 2012 Annual Conference of the Ghana Geographical Association and Ghana Geography Teachers’ Association 1 – 4 AUGUST, 2012

Outline Rationale Sexual & Reproductive Health (SRH) Regional challenges and Innovations (Bolivia, Yemen, East & South East Asia) Generic Afflictions of the developing world The future of Sexual Reproductive Health

Rationale MDG 5: Improve maternal health (reducing Maternal Mortality by 75% in 2015; universal access to reproductive health – the most underfunded of the health-related MDGs.) Understanding the social complexities that aid or impede the fight for health within a programming context. Transforming knowledge into concrete steps to address health and social issues within a reflection-action cycle.

Sexual & Reproductive Health Safe Motherhood (antenatal, safe delivery, and postnatal care) Family planning services Prevention and treatment of unsafe abortion and post-abortion care, reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases Information and counseling on human sexuality, sexual behaviour, parenting and sexual health

East and South East Asia Challenges Ethnic and religious minorities’ vulnerability (MMR per 100,000) – China 43, Tibet 399; Thailand 24, Satun & Pattani,(Muslim) Provinces 90 & 49 respectivelr” Male service providers roles in family planning (Indonesia) Religious opposition to contraception (Philippines, Indonesia)

East and South East Asia Innovation Incorporating favourable religious/cultural tenets e.g. Buddhist doctrine of self discipline in fight against HIV/AIDS Promoting male participation through male networks in Cambodia, China, Malaysia (re- socialization)

Bolivia Challenges Persistent inequality between urban and rural areas (TFR – 3.1 and 5.5 per woman in urban and rural areas respectively) Inadequate numbers of skilled health professionals Cultural barriers – delivery considered private act and attended by husband only; puerperal infection rituals Excessive ethnocentrism (looking down on the “other” culture)

Bolivia Innovation Communication skills development through workshops Closer collaboration with communities – community advisory committee; traditional health service provider consultancies

Yemen Challenges 1. bridging the community midwives pre-service training within the midwifery curriculum, considering their low background; 2. getting a quota of community midwives positions in the national human resources budget plan in order to meet the needs at governorate and district levels; 3 ensuring quality reproductive health services in the absence of a coherent health information system, including a human resource mapping and a monitoring and evaluation mechanism; 4 reducing the cultural barriers in using reproductive health services

Yemen Innovation Integration and articulation of the National Reproductive Health and Neonatal Strategies with the midwifery programme Finalizing the plan for continuous professional development and the database system within a National Strategy for Health Human Resources The initiatives to ensure provision of reproductive health services in remote areas

Generic Afflictions Low budget mobilization Low levels of community participation Disconnect between national policy/programme and state of affairs Harmful Cultural practices (FGM, vaginal practices, ) Myths, misconceptions & attitudinal concerns Weak human and institutional capacity

The future of Sexual Reproductive Health The need to emphasize coordination and avoid overlap and redundancy Political commitment and stability Understanding socio-cultural and socio- economic conditions underlying high-risk sexual and reproductive health Directing programmes at the appropriate targets (prudent spending) Education (especially of girls/women) Robust leadership and governance structure

Joseph Ocran josephocran@yahoo.com & THANK YOU! Joseph Ocran josephocran@yahoo.com & harriet takyi 2012 Annual Conference of the Ghana Geographical Association and Ghana Geography Teachers’ Association August 2012