Willie Burden, EdD; and Anthony G. Church, PhD C H A P T E R 4 Sport in North America Willie Burden, EdD; and Anthony G. Church, PhD Chapter 4

Chapter Objectives Identify differences as well as similarities between U.S. sport organizational structures and those in other countries Explain differences and similarities among sport leagues within the United States and identify five types of decisions about league structures that teams in a sport must make (continued)

Chapter Objectives (continued) Discuss innovative strategies employed by some contemporary sport organizations to protect against challenges from governmental interference as well as market forces Identify the main organizations involved in providing and regulating amateur sport in the United States Discuss the current issues faced by Canadian intercollegiate athletics departments (continued)

Chapter Objectives (continued) Describe what role the state has in delivering and influencing sport in Canada compared with the United States and other countries Understand the advantages and disadvantages of the current structure of the sport delivery system in Canada Discuss the role of commercial and professional sport within the Canadian sport delivery system

North America

Structure of Modern Pro Sport Leagues Format—the method for scheduling matches to determine the champion Hierarchy—the relationships between leagues of lesser and greater quality Multiplicity—the number of leagues at the same level of the hierarchy (continued)

Structure of Modern Pro Sport Leagues (continued) Membership—the conditions under which a team enters and exits a league Governance—the methods for deciding and enforcing league rules and policies

Membership Read the case study on page 81 of International Sport Management.

Pro Sport Circuits and Tours Participation in circuits and tournaments: By qualification By invitation Open entry

Organizational Categories of Amateur Sport in the United States Community-based efforts (agency- sponsored programs, national youth service organizations, club sports, and recreation programs) (Weiss & Hayashi, 1996). Service delivery is in the form of organizations such as the AAU, YMCA, Little League, United States Olympic Committee, National Intramural- Recreational Sports Association, civic clubs, and so on. School-based programs.

Forms of College Sports Intercollegiate athletics Collegiate intramural sports

Structure of Canadian Sport System

Four Principles of Canadian Sport Policy Enhanced excellence Enhanced participation Enhanced capacity Enhanced interaction

Issues of Commercial Pro Sport Controlled primarily by international stakeholders, except the CFL Public funding Canadian content in the CFL and MLS

Sport Canada Read the case study on page 93 of International Sport Management.

Amateur Sport in Canada Scholastic sport Community sport Intercollegiate athletics Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS) (more than 50 institutions) Canadian Colleges Athletic Association (CCAA) (nearly 100 institutions)