What is it? How is it achieved? WRITE THIS INTO YOUR NOTEBOOK! Imagery in Literature What is it? How is it achieved?

WRITE THIS INTO YOUR NOTEBOOK! What is imagery? Imagery is when a writer uses vivid, figurative or descriptive langauge to: appeal to the reader’s senses help the reader create a picture in their mind add depth to their work help the reader feel present in the moment communicate the world of the text to the reader

Types of imagery Visual Auditory Kinesthetic Olfactory Gustatory Tactile Organic Categories or groups of connected images

WRITE THIS INTO YOUR NOTEBOOK! Visual Imagery This appeals to our sense of sight. “The crimson liquid spilled from the neck of the white dove, staining and matting its pure, white feathers.”

WRITE THIS INTO YOUR NOTEBOOK! Auditory Imagery This describes sound. "....Which has its sounds, familiar, like the roar Of trees and crack of branches, common things, But nothing so like beating on a box“ (From 'An Old Man’s Winter Night' by Robert Frost)

Kinesthetic Imagery WRITE THIS INTO YOUR NOTEBOOK! This describes a sense of movement or tension. "Tossing their heads in sprightly dance" (from 'Daffodils' by W. Wordsworth)

Olfactory Imagery This helps to summon and deliver smells to readers. WRITE THIS INTO YOUR NOTEBOOK! Olfactory Imagery This helps to summon and deliver smells to readers. "Gio's socks, still soaked with sweat from Tuesday's P.E. class, filled the classroom with an aroma akin to that of salty, week- old, rotting fish"

Gustatory Imagery This illustrates taste, of food or other things. WRITE THIS INTO YOUR NOTEBOOK! Gustatory Imagery This illustrates taste, of food or other things. “Forgive me they were delicious so sweet and so cold“ From the poem "This Is Just to Say" by William Carlos Williams)

Tactile Imagery This appeals to the reader’s sense of touch. WRITE THIS INTO YOUR NOTEBOOK! Tactile Imagery This appeals to the reader’s sense of touch. 'The bed linens might just as well be ice and the clothes snow.' From Robert Frost's "The Witch of Coos"

WRITE THIS INTO YOUR NOTEBOOK! Organic Imagery This concentrates on recreating internal sensations like hunger, thirst, fear or fatigue. “Weary and without hope of rest, I continued my tiring journey.”

Categories or groups of Connected images WRITE THIS INTO YOUR NOTEBOOK! Categories or groups of Connected images This is when writers use images that can be connected or grouped together in a similar category. What the hammer? what the chain,  In what furnace was thy brain? What the anvil? what dread grasp,  Dare its deadly terrors clasp! ‘The Tyger’ by William Blake You will discuss this type the most.

How do writers create imagery? WRITE THIS INTO YOUR NOTEBOOK! How do writers create imagery? Writers use a variety of techniques including: Figurative language (metaphor, simile, personification, etc.) Adjectives and descriptive language Comparisons Contrasts Allusions Onomatopoeia (auditory and kinesthetic) Symbolism Concrete details (e.g. the bag was made of leather) Sensory details (e.g. the bag smelled of leather)

WRITE THIS INTO YOUR NOTEBOOK! Blessing Imtiaz Dharker

Think and Challenge What are the most important things in your life? Why are they important to you?

‘Blessing’ What connotations (associations) do you have with this word? What do you think of?

Discuss Think about a typical day. How many times do you use water? What for? Imagine you had no water. What sorts of problems would this cause? How do people change when the sun comes out? How does it make you feel? What other weather changes can affect you? How?

What words would you use to describe the sounds water makes?

Think, Pair and Share Imtiaz Dharker Imtiaz Dharker was born in Pakistan, but moved to Glasgow when she was less than a year old. She spends her time between India and Britain. 1. What could this suggest about her poetry? Challenge: Do you think her poetry is going to be positive or negative?

Dharavi Dharavi The poem we are looking at today is set in a slum on the outskirts of Mumbai in India called Dharavi. The temperature here can reach 40 degrees and is home to millions of migrants from across India. There is always a shortage of water here because it is not an official living area. Facts Dharavi is spread over an area of 175 hectares and has a population of around 1 million. There is only 1 toilet per 1,456 people. Up to 6 people may share one bedroom. Most people have to walk about 15 minutes to get water as none of the houses have running taps. QUESTION: What do you think the most important things in these people’s lives are?

What Happens? The poem describes how precious water is to communities like those in Dharavi. There are three main parts to the poem. The poet describes the slum and explains what life is like without water. Question: What is water compared to here that makes us realise how important water is to the community? 2. A water pipe bursts – people frantically gather as much water as they can in whatever container they can find. Question: How is punctuation and line length used here to illustrate this? 3. The slum children and described playing and laughing in the water. Question: Which words in the poem emphasize the religious themes which run through it?

Word Detective Find words in the poem that are linked to water and highlight or underline them. Find words in the poem that show how valuable water is. Highlight or underline them in a different colour.

WRITE THIS INTO YOUR NOTEBOOK! Imagery Images Effect The skin cracks like a pod The sudden rush/ of fortune Silver crashes to the ground Frantic hands

WRITE THIS INTO YOUR NOTEBOOK! Structure How many stanzas has the poet used? Why has the poet structured the poem in this way? Is there any rhyme or alliteration in this poem and why?

Tasks: Highlight words that show the poverty of the community. List any religious imagery you can find in the poem. Say why you think the poet has used these words.     

Homework Complete a new table in your poetry guide for Blessing. PEE paragraph – Explore how the poet presents water in the poem ‘Blessing’?