GCSE AQA Graphics Issues Materials Testing Justification of Materials and Processes Manufacturing Specification

Testing, Justification of Materials and Processes and Manufacturing Specification Title: Further Research ½ page per part Font size 8-12

Layout Social, Moral, Cultural, Economic and Environmental Issues Testing NAME Brief and Survey

First ½ Page Social Issues Moral Issues Cultural Issues Economic Issues Environmental Issues

Issues Social Moral Environmental Sustainability Around the product, materials and manufacture methods chosen.

Social, cultural, moral, environmental, economic and sustainability issues AQA Graphic Products

Moral A designer may not want their designs to be used to promote products that have potential drawbacks for the consumer. An example of this could be fast food or sweets that, with excessive consumption, could result in long term health damage. Moral factors may influence a designer's choice of materials. For example, using recyclable materials

Social Users need to be considerate in the use of their product Noise from MP3 players / phones etc Users may stop being socialable / be more socialable Listening to headphones instead of speaking to each other Playing a game users may intereact with echother more Designers need to be aware of the impact of their product and design products appropriately. Other social issues are: The aging population Obesity Smoking and alcohol use

Cultural Designers should be aware that some images and text can cause offence. This can be because they contradict people's religious or cultural beliefs. Globalisation has exposed more people to different cultures, and this has inspired designers' work.

Economic Designers want people to buy their product and for their product be desirable. They need to consider peoples incomes. A consumer may want to buy a product, but may not be able to afford it A manufacturer may find it cheaper to make the product elsewhere.

Environmental / sutainability Designers have a responsibility to work in a way that reduces the environmental impact of a product. Raw Materials Paper and card are made from cellulose fibre from wood, old rags or old paper. Care needs to be taken to ensure that wood is from sustainable forests. The processes of making paper may produce waste. Manufacturing Inks and solvents used in manufacturing processes may be harmful unless used and disposed of correctly. Products Products and packaging can cause large amounts of waste if they are thrown away. However, many kinds of graphics waste can be recycled.

Environmental / sutainability Rethink - How can the product do the job better? Is the product energy efficient? Has the product been designed for disassembly? Reuse - Which parts of the product could be used again? Has the product got another use without having to process it? Recycle - Which parts of the product can be recycled? Is this information clear on the packaging? Repair - Which parts might need to be replaced? Which parts might fail with use or over time? How easy would it be to replace parts? Reduce - Are there any parts in your product that are not needed? How can the amount of material be reduced? How could you simplify your product? Refuse - Is your product really needed? Have you thought about the people who might be making your product - are they treated fairly (pay, living and working conditions etc)?

Environmental / sutainability Built in obsolescence is when a product is designed and made with parts that are known to fail after a specific time. This means a new part or a new product will have to be bought to replace it. Designs that try to reduce waste will avoid built in obsolescence.

Moral, social and ethical issues It is the responsibility of the designer to consider the moral, social and cultural aspects of their design It is the responsibility of the consumer to justify and feel comfortable with their choice when purchasing a product. Is it ever right to: use child labour? develop cosmetics through testing on animals? breed, grow and sell genetically modified crops? demand products that encourage deforestation? transport day to day items on a global basis? use heavy pollutants in a products manufacture?

Ethical trading To trade ethically you must at least: ensure safe working standards and procedures in the factories set out fair pay and working conditions for employees act upon the impact of production on the local environment assurances that the trading procedures are sound can be gained from the presence of the fair trade symbol.

Mark Scheme The implications of a wide range of issues including social, moral, environmental and sustainability, are taken into consideration and inform the development of the design proposals

Example

Example

Example

Layout NAME Social Moral Cultural Economic Sustainability Brief and Survey

Second ½ Page Testing What do you plan to do and why? Carry out the tests and findings What have you found out and why is it useful to you?

Testing Choose you materials Test them Take photos of the result Write about: How well has it performed in that test (or not) Give it a score At the end comment what each would be would be good for

Tests Wear Ease of cutting (different types of cutting) Ease of creating Water resistance Appearance / aesthetics Others?

Tests continued (more detail) Visual Surface finish Joints Colour Fonts (readability – survey for this?) Tolerance Check sizes Check fit Other Malleability – The ability to withstand deformation. Ductility – The ability to be drawn out. Toughness – The ability to withstand sudden impact. Elasticity – The ability to flex and bend. Plasticity – The ability to be shaped permanently. Hardness – The ability to resist wear, indentation or deformation. Durability – The ability to withstand wear and tear, weathering or deterioration. Stability – The ability to resist changes in size and shape due to its environment. Strength – Tensile, Compressive, Bending, Shear and Torsional.

Layout Social, Moral, Cultural, Economic and Environmental Issues Testing NAME Brief and Survey

Mark Scheme Appropriate materials and components selected with full regard to their working properties

Example

I will… (what you plan to do) Testing I will… (what you plan to do) Comments on materials chosen for purpose here Say what you plan to do and why Do the table with results and comments (WITH PHOTOS of results) Underneath the table comment what each material would be good for and why Material Photos Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 600 micron card Take photos of all 4 tests together in 1 photo Write about the results 6/10 Paper Encapsulated paper Paper with coverseal Acrylic Grey board Board backing fabric Tests Wear Ease of cutting (different types of cutting) Ease of creating Water resistance Appearance

Third ½ Page Justification of materials & Processes Counters Box Box Graphics Cards Instructions Tray / insert Board Why choose the materials we are using? Comment on the prototype materials Comment on commercial production (A grades and above)

Layout Justification of Materials Manufacturing Specification NAME Brief and Survey

Justification of Materials Comment on each part of your game: Counters, box, box graphics, cards, instructions, tray/insert & board What materials and process would you use for your prototype and why? What materials and process would you use in the real world? Part Prototype Real World Material Process Counters Acrylic Laser cut ABS Injection moulded Box 600 micron card Die cut Box graphics Paper stuck onto the card Digital printing Direct onto the card Gravure Cards Paper Digital printing & Encapsulation Card (coated, or spray varnished) Instructions Coated paper Gravure / offset lithography Tray/insert HIPs Vacuum forming Board Board backing fabric, 2mm grey board with paper. Digital printed graphics. Board backing fabric, 2mm grey board with coasted paper. Gravure printed graphics. Paper – 80gsm

Example

Justification of Materials Comment on each part of your game: Counters, box, box graphics, cards, instructions, tray/insert & board What materials and process would you use for your prototype and why? What materials and process would you use in the real world? Part Prototype Real World Material Process Counters Acrylic Laser cut ABS Injection moulded Box 600 micron card Die cut Box graphics Paper stuck onto the card Digital printing Direct onto the card Gravure Cards Paper Digital printing & Encapsulation Card (coated, or spray varnished) Instructions Coated paper Gravure / offset lithography Tray/insert HIPs Vacuum forming Board Board backing fabric, 2mm grey board with paper. Digital printed graphics. Board backing fabric, 2mm grey board with coasted paper. Gravure printed graphics. Paper – 80gsm

Fourth ¼ Page Manufacturing Specification Use the headings Materials Processes Finishes Components joining Under each heading use 1.1, 1.2 etc Justify each point

Layout NAME Materials 1.1 1.2 Etc Processes 2.1 2.2 Finishes 3.1 Components 4.1 Joining 5.1 NAME Brief and Survey

Mark Scheme Fully detailed and justified product/manufacturing specification taking full account of the analysis undertaken

Manufacturing Specification Board – 2mm grey board, board backing fabric, graphics Counters – acrylic Cards/instructions – paper encapsulated Box – 600 micron card, graphics stuck on, coversealed Headings: Materials Processes Finishes Components Joining It must be detailed and justified How you will make YOUR game. Board – by hand (scissors & craft knives) / Adobe Photoshop Counters – laser cut Cards/instructions – Adobe Photoshop, cut, encapsulated Box – 2D Design & laser cut, Adobe Photoshop & printed, coversealed Cover seal Acrylic – self finishing Board backing fabric Encapsulation Spray mount Tensol cement (3D counters) Dice

Example

Manufacturing Specification Board – 2mm grey board, board backing fabric, graphics Counters – acrylic Cards/instructions – paper encapsulated Box – 600 micron card, graphics stuck on, coversealed Headings: Materials Processes Finishes Components Joining It must be detailed and justified How you will make YOUR game. Board – by hand (scissors & craft knives) / Adobe Photoshop Counters – laser cut Cards/instructions – Adobe Photoshop, cut, encapsulated Box – 2D Design & laser cut, Adobe Photoshop & printed, coversealed Cover seal Acrylic – self finishing Board backing fabric Encapsulation Spray mount Tensol cement (3D counters) Dice