Electromagnetic Waves with Wavelengths

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Presentation transcript:

Electromagnetic Waves with Wavelengths 1 nm = 1 x 10-9 meters

How electromagnetic waves interact with materials: Refracted: bent as they pass through materials due to differences in density

How electromagnetic waves interact with materials: Reflected: Bounced off materials

How electromagnetic waves interact with materials: absorbed: Taken in by the material

How electromagnetic waves interact with materials: Transmitted: pass through the material Scattered: reflected and refracted in various directions

Dark materials: absorb more light. This is why dark-colored asphalt feels hotter in the summer than light –colored concrete However, they also cool down faster (radiate heat)

Light materials absorb less light (and feel cooler) because they reflect back more heat energy

Smooth textures absorb less energy and reflect more light Rough textures absorb more energy because they reflect less light

Transfer of Energy Energy moves from areas of high concentration (a SOURCE) to areas of low concentration (a SINK). Heat, (a form of energy) moves from areas of high temperature to areas of low temperature Heat always moves from a source to a sink until the temperatures are equal. This is a dynamic EQUILIBRIUM

sink source

How is Heat transferred? 1. CONVECTION: Heat is transferred by the movement of FLUIDS (gases or liquids) due to differences in density Warm fluids have lower density (tend to rise) Cold fluids have higher density (tend to sink) This causes convection currents

Most people’s homes are heated by convection It is always the hot fluid that rises, why?

(definition)

2. Conduction Heat is transferred from atom to atom when vibrating atoms collide. Conduction works best in solids, especially metals and rocks, where atoms are close together

3. Radiation Heat is transferred by electromagnetic waves (light) Radiation is the fastest of the 3 methods Radiation can travel through transparent solids, liquids or gases, or even through empty space (vacuum) Emits all forms of Electromagnetic waves Emits light and Infrared waves

This pot of boiling water over a campfire illustrates the 3 methods * * *

Transformation of Energy Kinetic = energy of motion Potential = stored energy, energy of position due to gravity

FRICTION causes energy to be transferred: A glacier transfers energy of motion into heat energy due to friction against the rock

Heat vs.Temperature What is Heat? Units = calories What is Temperature? Units = degrees Celsius

1400 degrees Bonfire Which has more heat? Match 1400 degrees

Which has more heat, the pool water or the tea? 24 Deg. C Hot tea (94 deg.C)

Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy (the motion) of the particles in a sample High temp = particles are moving fast Low temp = particles are moving slowly

Heat Is the sum total of the kinetic energy of the particles in a sample Bigger sample = holds more heat Smaller sample = holds less heat

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